Rumpun bahasa Kalimantan Utara Raya

Kalimantan Utara Raya
Wilayahsebagian besar Pulau Kalimantan
sebagian Sumatra, Jawa dan Asia Tenggara Daratan
Penutur
Bentuk awal
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3
Glottolognort3253[1]
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Rumpun bahasa Kalimantan Utara Raya adalah subkelompok yang diusulkan dalam rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Subkelompok ini mencakup bahasa-bahasa yang dituturkan di sebagian besar Pulau Kalimantan (terkecuali daerah tenggara yang ditempati penutur bahasa-bahasa Barito Raya), sebagian Sumatra, Jawa, dan Asia Tenggara Daratan. Hipotesis Kalimantan Utara Raya pertama kali diajukan oleh Robert Blust (2010) dan dikembangkan lebih jauh oleh Alexander Smith (2017a, 2017b).[2][3][4] Bukti yang diberikan untuk teori ini sepenuhnya merupakan bukti leksikal (inovasi kosakata).[5]

Subkelompok yang diajukan mencakup beberapa bahasa utama di Asia Tenggara, termasuk bahasa Melayu (bahasa Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia) dan bahasa-bahasa Melayik yang berkerabat dengannya, seperti bahasa Minangkabau, bahasa Banjar dan bahasa Iban; serta bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Aceh. Di Kalimantan sendiri, bahasa Kalimantan Utara Raya non-Melayik terbesar dalam hal jumlah penutur adalah bahasa Dusun Tengah, yang lazim dituturkan di Sabah.[6]

Karena hipotesis Kalimantan Utara Raya juga memasukkan bahasa-bahasa Melayik, Chamik, dan Sunda, usulan ini berselisih dengan hipotesis Melayu-Sumbawa (mencakup bahasa-bahasa Melayik, Chamik, Sunda, dan Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa) yang diajukan oleh Alexander Adelaar.[7][8]

Klasifikasi

Blust (2010)

Robert Blust mengusulkan beberapa inovasi kosakata yang mendefinisikan subkelompok Kalimantan Utara Raya. Di antara inovasi leksikal ini adalah pergantian dari *pitu dalam bahasa Proto-Melayu-Polinesia menjadi *tuzuq untuk kata 'tujuh'.[2] Kelompok-kelompok berikut dimasukkan ke dalam Kalimantan Utara Raya oleh Blust:

Smith (2017a, 2017b)

Smith menambahkan satu cabang tersendiri bagi bahasa-bahasa Sarawak Tengah di dalam Kalimantan Utara Raya, menggabungkan bahasa-bahasa Melanau, Kajang, Punan, dan Müller-Schwaner.[9] Selain itu, ia juga memisahkan Moklenik dari Kalimantan Utara Raya dan menempatkannya sebagai salah satu cabang utama Melayu-Polinesia.[4]

Lihat juga

Rujukan

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Kalimantan Utara Raya". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ a b Blust 2010, hlm. 44, 47.
  3. ^ Smith 2017a, hlm. 346–364.
  4. ^ a b Smith 2017b, hlm. 459–460.
  5. ^ Blust 2010, hlm. 68.
  6. ^ Blust 2013, hlm. 65.
  7. ^ Blust 2010, hlm. 81.
  8. ^ Adelaar 2005.
  9. ^ Smith 2017a, hlm. 319.

Daftar pustaka

  • Adelaar, Alexander (2005). "Malayo-Sumbawan". Oceanic Linguistics. University of Hawai'i Press. 44 (2): 357–388. JSTOR 3623345. 
  • Blust, Robert (2010). "The Greater North Borneo Hypothesis". Oceanic Linguistics. University of Hawai'i Press. 49 (1): 44–118. JSTOR 40783586. 
  • Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics. 8. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. ISBN 9781922185075. 
  • Smith, Alexander D. (May 2017). The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification (Tesis Ph.D. Dissertation). University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. 
  • Smith, Alexander D. (December 2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. University of Hawai'i Press. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021. 

Bacaan lanjutan

  • Adelaar, Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus, ed. (2005). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780700712861. 
  • Blust, Robert; Smith, Alexander D. (2014). A bibliography of the languages of Borneo (and Madagascar). Borneo Research Council Reference Series. 2. Phillips, Maine: Borneo Research Council. ISBN 9781929900152. 
  • Lobel, Jason William (2016). North Borneo Sourcebook: Vocabularies and Functors. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824857790. 

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