Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan
Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan 2019 peta Bumi. 0 = Kebanyakan modifikasi; 10 = Sedikit. Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan (bahasa Inggris : Forest Landscape Integrity Index modifikasi antropogenik .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
FLII menemukan bahwa sebagian besar lanskap hutan berintegritas tinggi yang tersisa ditemukan di Kanada , Rusia , Pegunungan Rocky , Alaska , Amazon , Guiana , Chili bagian selatan, Afrika Tengah , dan Nugini . Sebaliknya, hutan dengan integritas rendah ditemukan di Eropa Barat dan Tengah , Amerika Barat Daya , Asia Tenggara di barat Nugini, Andes , sebagian besar Tiongkok dan India , Celah Albertine , Afrika Barat , Mesoamerika , dan Hutan Atlantik Brasil .
Hasilnya dimaksudkan untuk membantu para pembuat keputusan di semua tingkatan mencapai komitmen mereka terhadap Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), Konvensi PBB tentang Keanekaragaman Hayati (CBD), Konvensi untuk Memerangi Desertifikasi (UNCCD), dan Konvensi Kerangka Kerja tentang Perubahan Iklim ( UNFCCC).[ 1]
Integritas hutan
Suatu ekosistem dianggap memiliki integritas ketika struktur, komposisi, dan proses ekologisnya berada dalam jangkauan alaminya.[ 6]
Peringkat negara
172 negara telah diberi peringkat:[ 7]
Integritas Lanskap Hutan 2019
Negara
Nilai FLIII
Integritas rendah (km2 )
Integritas sedang (km2 )
Integritas tinggi (km2 )
Luas hutan keseluruhan (km2 )
Peta
Seychelles 10
0
0
68
68
Sudan 9.8
1
72
495
569
Guyana 9.58
4,162
40,817
147,413
192,391
Sudan Selatan 9.45
5,083
59,389
146,218
210,691
Suriname 9.39
6,796
25,031
107,954
139,781
Mongolia 9.36
520
11,915
27,407
39,841
Republik Afrika Tengah 9.28
30,161
139,350
379,097
548,608
Botswana 9.13
13
187
372
572
Gabon 9.07
11,780
118,348
120,852
250,979
Rusia 9.02
739,484
2,245,281
5,137,079
8,121,843
Kanada 8.99
480,206
1,027,386
2,968,268
4,475,860
Republik Kongo 8.89
24,512
124,215
158,184
306,911
Kyrgyzstan 8.86
329
2,819
2,761
5,909
Peru 8.86
85,793
190,547
509,720
786,061
Afghanistan 8.85
90
1,475
977
2,542
Bhutan 8.85
1,620
16,769
10,140
28,529
Papua New Guinea 8.84
37,294
183,415
216,355
437,064
Vanuatu 8.82
734
5,322
4,448
10,504
Venezuela 8.78
64,650
170,792
351,112
586,554
Tajikistan 8.65
34
137
130
301
Bolivia 8.47
78,745
280,532
272,007
631,284
Namibia 8.43
5
13
17
36
Angola 8.35
105,487
284,054
315,895
705,436
Fiji 8.35
1,753
10,802
3,594
16,148
Kolombia 8.26
150,737
272,442
428,320
851,499
Kazakhstan 8.23
6,068
18,926
15,294
40,288
Palau 8.09
45
333
9
387
Korea Utara 8.02
8,374
40,156
8,410
56,939
Kamerun 8
66,191
181,336
119,263
366,789
Guinea Khatulistiwa 7.99
3,982
17,595
5,007
26,585
Georgia 7.79
6,982
17,803
9,784
34,570
Brunei Darussalam 7.71
1,102
2,842
1,498
5,442
Komoro 7.69
284
1,149
82
1,515
Iran 7.67
3,361
12,930
2,162
18,453
Ekuador 7.66
48,822
77,585
73,492
199,900
DRC 7.56
533,118
935,508
727,983
2,196,608
Mikronesia 7.55
8
35
0
43
Brasil 7.52
1,374,902
1,354,961
2,338,101
5,067,963
Zambia 7.5
96,969
164,376
110,822
372,167
Makedonia Utara 7.42
2,034
7,090
459
9,583
Pakistan 7.42
2,090
7,859
1,139
11,088
Lesotho 7.4
1
4
0
5
Chili 7.37
56,849
41,971
93,537
192,357
Bahama 7.35
741
1,935
399
3,075
Nepal 7.23
13,785
41,992
3,760
59,538
Australia 7.22
117,672
239,624
103,852
461,148
Argentina 7.21
98,249
189,966
72,557
360,772
Kepulauan Solomon 7.19
6,871
15,310
3,149
25,329
Myanmar 7.18
129,745
220,188
96,924
446,857
Etiopia 7.16
52,652
84,430
44,397
181,479
Mali 7.16
451
996
140
1,586
Somalia 7.16
347
1,384
46
1,777
Tiongkok 7.14
533,800
974,431
301,051
1,809,282
Tanzania 7.13
123,997
159,712
122,812
406,521
Selandia Baru 7.12
34,503
44,155
35,334
113,992
Senegal 7.11
847
2,456
162
3,465
Timor Leste 7.11
1,783
7,008
47
8,838
India 7.09
117,992
254,792
54,428
427,211
Siprus 7.06
388
1,026
18
1,432
Norwegia 6.98
39,343
67,383
16,627
123,352
Saint Vincent dan Grenadine 6.95
91
221
0
312
Mozambik 6.93
150,665
189,362
115,379
455,406
Meksiko 6.82
193,908
280,445
121,842
596,195
Albania 6.77
2,426
5,256
122
7,805
Uzbekistan 6.77
214
227
199
640
Maroko 6.74
2,260
4,076
451
6,787
Amerika Serikat 6.65
1,328,079
1,144,693
658,645
3,131,417
Sao Tome dan Principe 6.64
31
140
0
171
Trinidad dan Tobago 6.62
1,478
2,176
418
4,072
Yunani 6.6
14,548
27,833
1,078
43,459
Indonesia 6.6
535,370
509,018
431,973
1,476,361
Azerbaijan 6.55
4,820
7,189
1,534
13,543
Montenegro 6.41
2,949
4,778
82
7,809
Paraguay 6.39
78,538
102,626
29,877
211,041
Turki 6.39
43,043
68,243
3,516
114,801
Taiwan 6.38
8,786
14,547
1,453
24,786
Tanjung Verde 6.37
27
38
0
65
Panama 6.37
25,420
21,310
14,605
61,336
Kamboja 6.31
30,143
31,939
16,349
78,431
Turkmenistan 6.31
5
33
0
37
Zimbabwe 6.31
9,450
14,417
1,644
25,511
Nigeria 6.2
64,621
65,355
24,307
154,283
Chad 6.18
5,261
6,016
1,910
13,187
Saint Lucia 6.17
235
316
0
551
Belize 6.15
7,004
7,957
2,744
17,705
Bulgaria 6.09
18,884
26,325
847
46,057
Korea Selatan 6.02
25,060
32,009
888
57,956
Thailand 6
86,276
89,326
33,612
209,214
Bosnia dan Herzegovina 5.99
13,387
17,031
574
30,993
Romania 5.95
38,395
48,394
607
87,395
Filipina 5.91
91,820
100,831
8,393
201,044
Togo 5.88
5,064
4,522
1,076
10,662
Benin 5.86
4,724
3,698
1,769
10,191
Sri Lanka 5.83
20,.541
22,390
1,613
44,544
Jepang 5.8
135,783
133,480
16,005
285,268
Malawi 5.74
12,514
12,167
2,396
27,078
Guinea-Bissau 5.7
9,274
8,702
855
18,831
Laos 5.59
92,986
80,564
19,252
192,801
Armenia 5.46
1,894
1,681
3
3,577
Mauritius 5.46
567
478
0
1,045
Bangladesh 5.45
10,013
7,251
1,947
19,211
Kuba 5.4
22,605
18,460
1,632
42,697
Swedia 5.35
174,415
109,779
23,494
307,687
Vietnam 5.35
82,551
75,353
9,588
167,492
Serbia 5.29
17,513
14,112
516
32,141
Aljazair 5.22
7,418
6,044
81
13,543
Kosovo 5.19
2,628
1,775
47
4,450
Tunisia 5.14
1,354
987
0
2,340
Finlandia 5.08
144,310
83,572
9,294
237,176
Jamaika 5.01
5,362
3,249
158
8,770
Malaysia 5.01
130,825
91,957
21,499
244,281
Afrika Selatan 4.94
45,489
34,968
3,196
83,653
Kroasia 4.92
15,732
10,522
379
26,633
Guinea 4.9
81,702
54,877
2,895
139,475
Libya 4.85
15
2
0
17
Liberia 4.79
51,975
31,162
11,025
94,163
Antigua dan Barbuda 4.72
114
92
0
206
Kosta Rika 4.65
27,164
12,838
4,164
44,167
Madagascar 4.63
120,340
66,584
11,922
198,846
Gambia 4.56
181
85
0
266
Saint Kitts dan Nevis 4.55
95
50
0
145
Ghana 4.53
57,519
28,901
2,160
88,580
Prancis 4.52
161,987
49,496
74,121
285,604
Burundi 4.5
6,882
3,841
46
10,769
Liechtenstein 4.5
59
42
0
101
Honduras 4.48
57,899
23,802
3,692
85,392
Andorra 4.45
170
49
0
219
Uganda 4.36
77,303
36,381
7,507
121,190
Slovakia 4.34
17,615
8,165
0
25,781
Spanyol 4.23
82,770
46,013
133
128,916
Grenada 4.22
221
86
0
308
Eswatini 4.21
5,054
2,501
14
7,569
Kenya 4.2
28,427
13,558
4,702
46,686
Republik Dominika 4.19
19,890
9,364
518
29,772
Israel 4.14
170
85
0
255
El Salvador 4.05
8,837
2,947
0
11,784
Haiti 4.01
7,116
2,831
12
9,959
Guatemala 3.85
58,572
18,764
5,592
82,928
Rwanda 3.85
5,665
2,170
619
8,454
Slovenia 3.78
11,065
3,791
0
14,856
Lebanon 3.76
541
115
0
656
Italia 3.65
79,403
26,858
25
106,286
Pantai Gading 3.64
158,010
41,005
7,288
206,303
Suriah 3.64
841
282
0
1,123
Belarus 3.63
77,870
20,847
91
98,808
Nikaragua 3.63
65,356
17,646
4,858
87,860
Uruguay 3.61
11,793
3,998
0
15,791
Irak 3.59
104
9
0
113
Austria 3.55
36,666
12,422
21
49,109
Swiss 3.53
13,636
4,412
10
18,058
Ukraina 3.3
89,540
20,183
176
109,900
Estonia 3.05
24,473
4,832
52
29,358
Jordania 2.79
12
0
0
12
Sierra Leone 2.76
52,512
11,858
640
65,010
Jerman 2.28
122,168
11,307
0
133,475
Hungaria 2.25
18,729
2,047
0
20,776
Polandia 2.24
101,886
7,103
0
108,989
Moldova 2.2
3,113
202
0
3,315
Latvia 2.09
38,164
2,137
0
40,301
Ceko 1.71
32,161
1,611
0
33,772
UK 1.65
29,149
2,917
35
32,101
Lithuania 1.62
24,554
930
0
25,484
Belgia 1.36
8,803
297
0
9,099
Luxembourg 1.12
1,170
0
0
1,170
Singapura 1.11
170
2
0
172
Dominika 1.06
531
2
0
533
Irlandia 0.92
5,283
96
0
5,378
Portugal 0.82
25,966
553
0
26,519
Belanda 0.6
5,250
72
0
5,322
Mesir 0.56
4,772
218
69
5,059
Denmark 0.5
5,756
31
0
5,787
San Marino 0.01
7
0
0
7
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII tinggi (8-10)
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII sedang (5-7.99)
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII rendah (0-4.99)
Latar belakang
Indeks ini ditulis oleh tim ahli konservasi hutan global, termasuk:[ 1]
Institusi
Pengarang
Asosiasi Konservasi Margasatwa , Bronx H.S. Grantham; A.Duncan; T.D. Evans; K.R. Jones; J. Walston; J.G. Robinson; M. Callow; T. Klemens; H.M. Costa; A.DeGemmis; PR Elsen; P.Franco; S. Jupiter; A.Kang; S. Lieberman; M. Linkie; M. Mendez; C. Samper ; J. Silverman; T. Stevens; E. Stokes; T. Robek; R. Tizard; S.Wang; J.E.M. Watson
Universitas Queensland , Brisbane H.L. Beyer; S. Maxwell; H. Possingham ; J.E.M. Watson
Universitas Carleton , Ottawa R. Schuster
Asosiasi Konservasi Margasatwa Kanada , Toronto J.C. Ray
Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa , Manhattan J. Ervin
Institut Sumber Daya Dunia , Washington, DC E. Goldman; R.Taylor
Universitas Arizona Utara , Flagstaff S. Goetz; P.Jantz
Universitas Negeri Montana , Bozeman A.Hansen
Yayasan Hutan Hujan Norwegia , Oslo E. Hofsvang
Konservasi Margasatwa Global, Austin, Texas
P. Langhammer; R. Mittermeier
Universitas Negeri Arizona , Tempe, Arizona P.Langhammer
Universitas James Cook , Cairns W. F.Laurance ; N.J. Murray
Universitas Oxford , Oxford Y. Malhi
The Nature Conservancy , Arlington, Virginia H. Possingham
Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, California S.Saatchi
Dana Dunia untuk Alam Jerman , Berlin A. Shapiro
Institut Keberlanjutan Internasional, Rio de Janeiro
B. Strassburg
Universitas Northern British Columbia , Prince George, British Columbia O. Venter
Institut Internasional untuk Analisis Sistem Terapan , Laxenburg, Austria P. Visconti
Referensi
^ a b c Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity" . Nature Communications . 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode :2020NatCo..11.5978G . doi :10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 ISSN 2041-1723 . PMC 7723057 PMID 33293507 . ^ Elcacho, Joaquim (2020-12-14). "Descubre con este mapa dónde están los mejores bosques de tu país y del mundo" [Discover with this map where are the best forests in your country and in the world]. La Vanguardia . Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16 . ^ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity" . Nature-based Solutions Initiative . University of Oxford . 2020-12-10. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16 . ^ Попова, Марина (2020-12-09). "Прямое влияние человека обошло стороной 40 процентов современных лесов" [Direct human influence bypassed 40 percent of modern forests] (dalam bahasa Russian). Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16 . ^ "New Forest Landscape Integrity Index Reveals that Only 40 Percent of World's Forests Have High Integrity" . WCS Newsroom . Wildlife Conservation Society . 2020-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16 . ^ Parrish, Jeffrey D.; Braun, David P.; Unnasch, Robert S. (2003). "Are We Conserving What We Say We Are? Measuring Ecological Integrity within Protected Areas" . BioScience . 53 (9): 851. doi :10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0851:AWCWWS]2.0.CO;2 ISSN 0006-3568 . ^ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" . Nature Communications . 11 (1): 5978. doi :10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 ISSN 2041-1723 . PMC 7723057 PMID 33293507 .
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