en List of tarsiiformes

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (4 species)
VU	Vulnerable (7 species)
NT	Near threatened (1 species)
LC	Least concern (0 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (1 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Tarsiiformes is an infraorder of small primates. It contains a single extant family, Tarsiidae, and members of this infraorder are called tarsiiformes, with members of the family named tarsiers. Tarsiiformes is one of the six major groups in the order Primates. They are found in Maritime Southeast Asia, primarily in forests, though some species can also be found in caves or wetlands. They range in size from the pygmy tarsier, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 20 cm (8 in) tail, to the Philippine tarsier, at 16 cm (6 in) plus a 25 cm (10 in) tail. Tarsiers are carnivorous and primarily eat insects, though they also consume small vertebrates such as lizards, birds, or bats. The only tarsier with a population estimate is Niemitz's tarsier, estimated at 10,000 to 20,000 mature individuals, but it, along with the Peleng tarsier, pygmy tarsier, and Sangihe tarsier, is categorized as endangered species, while the Siau Island tarsier is classified as critically endangered.

The fourteen extant species of Tarsiiformes are divided into three genera: Carlito and Cephalopachus, each with a single species, and Tarsius, containing the other twelve. A few extinct prehistoric Tarsiiformes species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.^[1]

Conventions

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the tarsier's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

The infraorder Tarsiiformes consists of one extant family: Tarsiidae, containing fourteen species divided between three genera. Carlito and Cephalopachus each have a single species, and Tarsius contains the other twelve.

Family Tarsiidae

Genus Carlito (Philippine tarsier): one species
Genus Cephalopachus (Horsfield's tarsier): one species
Genus Tarsius (tarsiers): twelve species

Tarsiiformes

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.^[2]

Family Tarsiidae

Genus **Carlito** – Groves & Shekelle, 2010 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Philippine tarsier	C. syrichta (Linnaeus, 1758)	Southeastern Philippines	Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail^[3] Habitat: Forest^[4] Diet: Insects, spiders, lizards, and other small vertebrates^[3]	NT Unknown ^[4]

Genus **Cephalopachus** – Swainson, 1835 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Horsfield's tarsier	T. bancanus (Horsfield, 1821) Three subspecies T. b. bancanus T. b. borneanus T. b. saltator	Western Philippines	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–24 cm (8–9 in) tail^[5] Habitat: Forest^[6] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates including birds, mammals, and reptiles^[7]	VU Unknown ^[6]

Genus **Tarsius** – Storr, 1780 – twelve species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dian's tarsier	T. dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921	Central Sulawesi, Indonesia	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail^[8]^[9] Habitat: Forest^[10] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[8]	VU Unknown ^[10]
Gursky's spectral tarsier	T. spectrumgurskyae Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017	Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail^[11] Habitat: Forest^[12] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[12]	VU Unknown ^[12]
Jatna's tarsier	T. supriatnai Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017	Northern Sulawesi (in gray)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail^[11] Habitat: Forest^[13] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[13]	VU Unknown ^[13]
Lariang tarsier	T. lariang Groves & Merker, 2006	Central Sulawesi	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail^[14] Habitat: Forest^[15] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[15]	DD Unknown ^[15]
Makassar tarsier	T. fuscus Fischer von Waldheim, 1804	Southern Sulawesi (in yellow)	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail^[16] Habitat: Forest and caves^[17] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[16]	VU Unknown ^[17]
Niemitz's tarsier	T. niemitzi Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019	Northern Sulawesi (circled in black)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail^[18] Habitat: Forest^[19] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[19]	EN 10,000–20,000 ^[19]
Peleng tarsier	T. pelengensis Sody, 1949	Eastern Sulawesi	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail^[20] Habitat: Forest^[21] Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates^[21]	EN Unknown ^[21]
Pygmy tarsier	T. pumilus Miller, Hollister, 1921	Central Sulawesi	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail^[22]^[23] Habitat: Forest^[24] Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates^[22]	EN Unknown ^[24]
Sangihe tarsier	T. sangirensis Meyer, 1897	Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail^[25] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands^[26] Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates^[25]	EN Unknown ^[26]
Siau Island tarsier	T. tumpara Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008	Siau Island, north of Sulawesi	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail^[27] Habitat: Forest^[28] Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates^[28]	CR Unknown ^[28]
Spectral tarsier	T. tarsier (Erxleben, 1777)	Sulawesi	Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail^[29] Habitat: Forest^[30] Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates^[29]	VU Unknown ^[30]
Wallace's tarsier	T. wallacei Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010	Northern Sulawesi (in orange)	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail^[31] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands^[32] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates^[31]	VU Unknown ^[32]