List of cercopithecoids

Dusky leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus obscurus)

Cercopithecoidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this family are called cercopithecoids, or Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecoidea contains only a single family, Cercopithecidae, and includes nearly half of the species in the suborder Haplorhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. Cercopithecoids are found in Asia and Africa, generally in forests, though some species can be found in shrublands, wetlands, and caves. They range in size from the Gabon talapoin, at 23 cm (9 in) plus a 31 cm (12 in) tail, to the kipunji, at 90 cm (35 in) plus a 115 cm (45 in) tail. Cercopithecoids primarily eat leaves, fruit, and seeds. Most cercopithecoids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 30 mature individuals to 100,000. Forty-eight species are categorized as endangered, and a further twenty-six species are categorized as critically endangered.

The 158 extant species of Cercopithecidae are divided into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species divided between thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 colobus, lutung, and other monkey species divided between ten genera. Dozens of extinct prehistoric cercopithecoid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (26 species)
EN	Endangered (49 species)
VU	Vulnerable (39 species)
NT	Near threatened (17 species)
LC	Least concern (25 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (2 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cercopithecoid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera, species, or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

The superfamily Cercopithecoidea consists of one extant family, Cercopithecidae, which itself consists of two extant subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 species divided into thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 species divided into ten genera.

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

• Genus Allenopithecus (Allen's swamp monkey): one species
• Genus Allochrocebus (terrestrial guenons): three species
• Genus Cercocebus (white-eyelid mangabeys): seven species
• Genus Cercopithecus (guenons): nineteen species
• Genus Chlorocebus (vervet monkeys): seven species
• Genus Erythrocebus (patas monkeys): three species
• Genus Lophocebus (crested mangabeys): two species
• Genus Macaca (macaques): twenty-four species
• Genus Mandrillus (mandrills): two species
• Genus Miopithecus (talapoins): two species
• Genus Papio (baboons): six species
• Genus Rungwecebus (kipunji): one species
• Genus Theropithecus (gelada): one species

Subfamily Colobinae

• Genus Colobus (black-and-white colobuses): five species
• Genus Nasalis (proboscis monkey): one species
• Genus Piliocolobus (red colobuses): fifteen species
• Genus Presbytis (surilis): nineteen species
• Genus Procolobus (olive colobus): one species
• Genus Pygathrix (doucs): three species
• Genus Rhinopithecus (snub-nosed monkeys): five species
• Genus Semnopithecus (gray langurs): eight species
• Genus Simias (pig-tailed langur): one species
• Genus Trachypithecus (lutungs): twenty-one species

Cercopithecidae[2]   Cercopithecinae   Lophocebus Papio Rungwecebus Theropithecus Mandrillus Cercocebus Macaca Erythrocebus Chlorocebus Allenopithecus Miopithecus Cercopithecus Allochrocebus Colobinae   Pygathrix Nasalis Simias Rhinopithecus Semnopithecus Trachypithecus Presbytis Colobus Piliocolobus Procolobus

Cercopithecoids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

Main article: Cercopithecinae

Genus Allenopithecus – Lang, 1923 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Allen's swamp monkey	A. nigroviridis (Pocock, 1907)	Central Africa	Size: 33–51 cm (13–20 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail[4] Habitat: Forest[5] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and small invertebrates[6]	LC  Unknown [5]

Genus Allochrocebus – Elliot, 1913 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
L'Hoest's monkey	A. lhoesti P. L. Sclater, 1899	Central Africa	Size: 31–69 cm (12–27 in) long, plus 48–10 cm (19–4 in) tail[7] Habitat: Forest[8] Diet: Fruit, leaves, mushrooms, and invertebrates[7]	VU  Unknown [8]
Preuss's monkey	A. preussi Matschie, 1898 Two subspecies C. p. insularis (Bioko Preuss's monkey) C. p. preussi (Cameroon Preuss's monkey)	West-central Africa	Size: 45–61 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 49–69 cm (19–27 in) tail[9] Habitat: Forest and grassland[10] Diet: Fruit, seeds, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers, and mushrooms[9]	EN  Unknown [10]
Sun-tailed monkey	A. solatus M. J. S. Harrison, 1988	West-central Africa	Size: 45–58 cm (18–23 in) long, plus 56–76 cm (22–30 in) tail[11] Habitat: Forest[12] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and invertebrates[11]	NT  Unknown [12]

Genus Cercocebus – Geoffroy, 1812 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Agile mangabey	C. agilis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1886)	Central Africa	Size: 44–65 cm (17–26 in) long, plus 45–79 cm (18–31 in) tail[13] Habitat: Forest[14] Diet: Fruit, seeds and shoots, as well as small vertebrates[14]	LC  Unknown [14]
Collared mangabey	C. torquatus (Kerr, 1792)	Western Africa	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tail[15] Habitat: Forest[16] Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as stems and roots[15]	EN  Unknown [16]
Golden-bellied mangabey	C. chrysogaster Lydekker, 1900	Central Africa	Size: 40–80 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 45–100 cm (18–39 in) tail[17] Habitat: Forest[18] Diet: Invertebrates, fruit, seeds, and nectar[17]	EN  Unknown [18]
Sanje mangabey	C. sanjei Mittermeier, 1986	East-central Africa	Size: 50–65 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 55–65 cm (22–26 in) tail[19] Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Fruit, nuts, and seeds, as well as fungi, invertebrates, and plants[20]	EN  Unknown [20]
Sooty mangabey	C. atys (Audebert, 1797)	Western Africa	Size: 40–68 cm (16–27 in) long, plus 40–80 cm (16–31 in) tail[21] Habitat: Forest and savanna[22] Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as swamp plants, grass, seeds, fungi, and invertebrates[21]	VU  Unknown [22]
Tana River mangabey	C. galeritus Peters, 1879	Eastern Africa	Size: 44–63 cm (17–25 in) long, plus 50–68 cm (20–27 in) tail[23] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[24] Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as stems, leaves, insects, and fungi[23]	CR  100–1,000 [24]
White-naped mangabey	C. lunulatus (Temminck, 1853)	Western Africa	Size: 52–73 cm (20–29 in) long, plus 68–74 cm (27–29 in) tail[15] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[25] Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds, buds, and grass[26]	EN  Unknown [25]

Genus Cercopithecus – Linnaeus, 1758 – nineteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blue monkey	C. mitis Wolf, 1822 Sixteen subspecies C. m. albogularis (Sykes' monkey) C. m. albotorquatus C. m. boutourlinii (Boutourlini's blue monkey) C. m. doggetti (silver monkey) C. m. erythrarchus C. m. heymansi (Lomami River blue monkey) C. m. kandti (golden monkey) C. m. kolbi C. m. labiatus C. m. manyaraensis C. m. mitis (Pluto monkey) C. m. moloneyi C. m. monoides C. m. opisthostictus C. m. stuhlmanni (Stuhlmann's blue monkey) C. m. zammaranoi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 31–70 cm (12–28 in) long, plus 55–109 cm (22–43 in) tail[27] Habitat: Forest[28] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as invertebrates[29]	LC  Unknown [28]
Campbell's mona monkey	C. campbelli Waterhouse, 1838	Western Africa	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 49–85 cm (19–33 in) tail[30] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[31] Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds and grains, as well as birds, bird eggs, small reptiles, and insects[30]	NT  Unknown [31]
Crested mona monkey	C. pogonias Bennett, 1833 Three subspecies C. p. grayi (Gray's crested mona) C. p. nigripes (Black-footed crested mona) C. p. pogonias (Golden-bellied crested mona)	Central Africa	Size: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 48–87 cm (19–34 in) tail[32] Habitat: Forest[33] Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as leaves, flowers and insects[33]	NT  Unknown [33]
De Brazza's monkey	C. neglectus Schlegel, 1876	Central Africa	Size: 39–60 cm (15–24 in) long, plus 47–79 cm (19–31 in) tail[34] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[35] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, mushrooms, beetles, termites, and worms[36]	LC  Unknown [35]
Dent's mona monkey	C. denti Thomas, 1907	Central Africa	Size: 40–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 70–90 cm (28–35 in) tail[37] Habitat: Forest[38] Diet: Fruit and arthropods, as well as flowers, caterpillars, shoots, and leaves[38]	LC  Unknown [38]
Diana monkey	C. diana (Linnaeus, 1758)	Western Africa	Size: 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail[39] Habitat: Forest[40] Diet: Fruit, flowers, leaves, insects, and other invertebrates[39]	EN  Unknown [40]
Greater spot-nosed monkey	C. nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766) Five subspecies C. n. insolitus C. n. ludio C. n. martini C. n. nictitans C. n. stampflii	Western Africa	Size: 40–57 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 56–100 cm (22–39 in) tail[41] Habitat: Forest[42] Diet: Fruits and seeds, as well as leaves and insects[43]	NT  Unknown [42]
Hamlyn's monkey	C. hamlyni Pocock, 1907 Two subspecies C. h. hamlyni C. h. kahuziensis	Central Africa	Size: 43–63 cm (17–25 in) long, plus 49–63 cm (19–25 in) tail[44] Habitat: Forest[45] Diet: Shoots, leaves, plants, and herbs, as well as fruit and seeds[46]	VU  Unknown [45]
Lesser spot-nosed monkey	C. petaurista (Schreber, 1774) Two subspecies C. p. buettikoferi C. p. petaurista	Western Africa	Size: 29–53 cm (11–21 in) long, plus 57–78 cm (22–31 in) tail[47] Habitat: Forest[48] Diet: Fruit as well as insects[47]	NT  Unknown [48]
Lesula	C. lomamiensis Hart et al., 2012	Central Africa	Size: 40–65 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 40–65 cm (16–26 in) tail[49] Habitat: Forest[50] Diet: Leaves, fruits and flowers[51]	VU  Unknown [50]
Lowe's mona monkey	C. lowei Thomas, 1923	Western Africa (in green)	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 54–85 cm (21–33 in) tail[52] Habitat: Forest and savanna[53] Diet: Fruit and insects[52]	VU  10,000 [53]
Mona monkey	C. mona (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 32–53 cm (13–21 in) long, plus 67–90 cm (26–35 in) tail[54] Habitat: Forest[55] Diet: Fruit, sprouts, leaves, and invertebrates[54]	NT  Unknown [55]
Moustached guenon	C. cephus (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies C. c. cephodes C. c. cephus C. c. ngottoensis	Western Africa	Size: 44–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 66–99 cm (26–39 in) tail[56] Habitat: Forest[57] Diet: Fruit, as well as seeds, leaves, insects, and eggs[58]	LC  Unknown [57]
Red-eared guenon	C. erythrotis Waterhouse, 1838 Two subspecies C. e. camerunensis (Cameroon Red-eared Monkey) C. e. erythrotis (Bioko Red-eared Monkey)	Western Africa	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 46–77 cm (18–30 in) tail[59] Habitat: Forest[60] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, shoots and arthropods[60]	VU  Unknown [60]
Red-tailed monkey	C. ascanius (Audebert, 1799) Five subspecies C. a. ascanius C. a. atrinasus C. a. katangae C. a. schmidti C. a. whitesidei	Central Africa	Size: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 67–92 cm (26–36 in) tail[61] Habitat: Forest[62] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, flowers, buds, and tree gum[63]	LC  Unknown [62]
Roloway monkey	C. roloway (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 44–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 70–91 cm (28–36 in) tail[64] Habitat: Forest[65] Diet: Insects, as well as seeds, fruit, and leaves[64]	CR  Unknown [65]
Sclater's guenon	C. sclateri Pocock, 1904	Western Africa	Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 61–85 cm (24–33 in) tail[66] Habitat: Forest[67] Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, flowers and leaves[68]	EN  Unknown [67]
White-throated guenon	C. erythrogaster Gray, 1866 Two subspecies C. e. erythrogaster (Red-bellied guenon) C. e. pococki (Nigerian white-throated guenon)	Western Africa	Size: 38–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 58–70 cm (23–28 in) tail[47] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[69] Diet: Fruit[69]	EN  Unknown [69]
Wolf's mona monkey	C. wolfi (Meyer, 1891) Three subspecies C. w. elegans C. w. pyrogaster C. w. wolfi	Central Africa	Size: 44–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 69–83 cm (27–33 in) tail[70] Habitat: Forest[71] Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds, and flowers[70]	NT  Unknown [71]

Genus Chlorocebus – Gray, 1870 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bale Mountains vervet	C. djamdjamensis Neumann, 1902 Two subspecies C. d. djamdjamensis C. d. harennaensis	Eastern Africa	Size: 43–45 cm (17–18 in) long, plus 47–50 cm (19–20 in) tail[72] Habitat: Forest[73] Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as flowers, small vertebrates, shoots, stems, and roots[74]	VU  Unknown [73]
Dryas monkey	C. dryas (Schwarz, 1932)	Central Africa	Size: 36–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 48–52 cm (19–20 in) tail[75] Habitat: Forest[76] Diet: Fruit, leaves, shoots, pith, seeds, insects, and mushrooms[76]	EN  100–250 [76]
Green monkey	C. sabaeus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Western Africa	Size: 42–46 cm (17–18 in) long, plus 42–72 cm (17–28 in) tail[72] Habitat: Forest and savanna[77] Diet: Fruit and leaves[78]	LC  Unknown [77]
Grivet	C. aethiops (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies C. a. aethiops C. a. matschiei	Eastern Africa	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tail[79] Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[80] Diet: Fruit, insects, and vegetable matter, as well as small mammals and birds[79]	LC  Unknown [80]
Malbrouck	C. cynosuros (Scopoli, 1786)	Southern Africa	Size: 34–70 cm (13–28 in) long, plus 44–79 cm (17–31 in) tail[81] Habitat: Forest and savanna[82] Diet: Fruit, as well as shoots, stems, gum, and seeds[81]	LC  Unknown [82]
Tantalus monkey	C. tantalus (Ogilby, 1841) Three subspecies C. t. budgetti C. t. marrensis C. t. tantalus	Equatorial Africa	Size: 38–83 cm (15–33 in) long, plus 55–114 cm (22–45 in) tail[83] Habitat: Forest and savanna[84] Diet: Fruit, buds, seeds, roots, bark, and gum, as well as insects, small vertebrates and eggs[83]	LC  Unknown [84]
Vervet monkey	C. pygerythrus F. Cuvier, 1821 Five subspecies C. p. hilgerti C. p. nesiotes C. p. pygerythrus C. p. rufoviridis C. p. zavattarii	Eastern and southern Africa	Size: 42–57 cm (17–22 in) long, plus 48–75 cm (19–30 in) tail[83] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and forest[85] Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, arthropods, and gum[86]	LC  Unknown [85]

Genus Erythrocebus – Trouessart, 1897 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blue Nile patas monkey	E. poliophaeus Reichenbach, 1862	Eastern Africa	Size: 49–64 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 43–73 cm (17–29 in) tail[87] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[88] Diet: Gum and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, and small vertebrates[87]	DD  Unknown [88]
Common patas monkey	E. patas (Schreber, 1775) Three subspecies E. p. patas E. p. pyrrhonotus E. p. villiersi	Equatorial Africa	Size: 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 50–70 cm (20–28 in) tail[89] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[90] Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as leaves, roots, and bird eggs[89]	NT  Unknown [90]
Southern patas monkey	E. baumstarki Matschie, 1905	Eastern Africa	Size: 49–64 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 43–73 cm (17–29 in) tail[87] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[91] Diet: Gum and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, and small vertebrates[87]	CR  100 [91]

Genus Lophocebus – Palmer, 1903 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black crested mangabey	L. aterrimus (Oudemans, 1890) Two subspecies L. a. aterrimus L. a. opdenboschi	Central Africa	Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 80–85 cm (31–33 in) tail[92] Habitat: Forest[93] Diet: Fruit[92]	VU  Unknown [93]
Grey-cheeked mangabey	L. albigena (Gray, 1850) Four subspecies L. a. albigena L. a. johnstoni L. a. osmani L. a. ugandae	Central Africa	Size: 44–75 cm (17–30 in) long, plus 57–94 cm (22–37 in) tail[94] Habitat: Forest[95] Diet: Fruit and seeds[95]	VU  Unknown [95]

Genus Macaca – Lacépède, 1799 – 24 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Toque macaque	M. sinica (Linnaeus, 1771) Three subspecies M. s. aurifrons (Pale-fronted toque macaque) M. s. opisthomelas (Highland toque macaque) M. s. sinica (Common toque macaque)	Sri Lanka	Size: 36–53 cm (14–21 in) long, plus at least 36–53 cm (14–21 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[97] Diet: Fruit as well as tree flowers, buds, and leaves[98]	EN  Unknown [97]
Arunachal macaque	M. munzala Sinha, Datta, Madhusudan, Mishra, 2005	Eastern Himalayas	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[99] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	EN  250 [99]
Assam macaque	M. assamensis McClelland, 1840 Two subspecies M. a. assamensis (Eastern Assamese macaque) M. a. pelops (Western Assamese macaque)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[100] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	NT  Unknown [100]
Barbary macaque	M. sylvanus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northwestern Africa	Size: 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail[101] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[102] Diet: Plants, caterpillars, fruit, seeds, roots, and fungi[101]	EN  Unknown [102]
Bonnet macaque	M. radiata (Geoffroy, 1812) Two subspecies M. r. diluta M. r. radiata	Southern India	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[103] Diet: Fruit, foliage, and insects, as well as bird eggs and lizards[104]	VU  Unknown [103]
Booted macaque	M. ochreata (Ogilby, 1841)	Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest and savanna[105] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	VU  Unknown [105]
Celebes crested macaque	M. nigra (Desmarest, 1822)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 44–57 cm (17–22 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail[106] Habitat: Forest[107] Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, shoots, leaves, and stems[106]	CR  Unknown [107]
Crab-eating macaque	M. fascicularis Raffles, 1821 Ten subspecies M. f. atriceps (Dark-crowned long-tailed macaque) M. f. aureus (Burmese long-tailed macaque) M. f. condorensis (Con Song long-tailed macaque) M. f. fascicularis (Common long-tailed macaque) M. f. fusca (Simeulue long-tailed macaque) M. f. karimondjawae (Kemujan long-tailed macaque) M. f. lasiae (Lasia long-tailed macaque) M. f. philippensis (Philippine long-tailed macaque) M. f. tua (Maratua long-tailed macaque) M. f. umbrosus (Nicobar long-tailed macaque)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–47 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest, intertidal marine, caves, inland wetlands, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[108] Diet: Fruit, crabs, flowers, insects, leaves, fungi, grasses, and clay[109]	EN  Unknown [108]
Formosan rock macaque	M. cyclopis (Swinhoe, 1862)	Taiwan	Size: 36–45 cm (14–18 in) long, plus 26–46 cm (10–18 in) tail[110] Habitat: Forest[111] Diet: Fruit, leaves, berries, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates, buds, and shoots[110]	LC  Unknown [111]
Gorontalo macaque	M. nigrescens (Temminck, 1849)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[112] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	VU  Unknown [112]
Heck's macaque	M. hecki (Matschie, 1901)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest and grassland[113] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	VU  100,000 [113]
Japanese macaque	M. fuscata Blyth, 1875 Two subspecies M. f. fuscata M. f. yakui (Yakushima macaque)	Japan	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[114] Diet: Fruit, seeds, flowers, nectar, leaves, and fungi[115]	LC  Unknown [114]
Lion-tailed macaque	M. silenus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Southwestern India	Size: 40–61 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail[116] Habitat: Forest[117] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, stems, flowers, buds, fungi, insects, lizards, tree frogs, and small mammals[116]	EN  2,400–2,500 [117]
Moor macaque	M. maura (Schinz, 1825)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest and grassland[118] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	EN  Unknown [118]
Muna-Buton macaque	M. brunnescens (Matschie, 1901)	Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[119] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	VU  Unknown [119]
Northern pig-tailed macaque	M. leonina (Blyth, 1863)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[120] Diet: Leaves, seeds, stems, roots, flowers, bamboo shoots, rice, gums, insects, larvae, termite eggs and spiders[120]	VU  Unknown [120]
Pagai Island macaque	M. pagensis (Miller, 1903)	Mentawai Islands in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[121] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	CR  2,100–3,700 [121]
Rhesus macaque	M. mulatta (Zimmermann, 1790)	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 45–64 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 19–32 cm (7–13 in) tail[122] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[123] Diet: Fish, crabs, shellfish, bird eggs, honeycombs, crayfish, crabs, spiders, plants, gums and pith[123]	LC  Unknown [123]
Siberut macaque	M. siberu Fuentes, 1995	Siberut island in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[124] Diet: Fruit, as well as mushrooms, leaves, crabs, crayfish, pith, sap, shoots and flowers[124]	EN  Unknown [124]
Southern pig-tailed macaque	M. nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 46–57 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 13–26 cm (5–10 in) tail[125] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[126] Diet: Fruit, insects, seeds, leaves, dirt, and fungus, as well as birds, termite eggs and larvae, and river crabs[125]	EN  Unknown [126]
Stump-tailed macaque	M. arctoides (Geoffroy, 1831)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 48–65 cm (19–26 in) long, plus 3–7 cm (1–3 in) tail[127] Habitat: Forest[128] Diet: Fruit, seeds, flowers, roots, leaves, frogs, crabs, birds, and bird eggs[127]	VU  Unknown [128]
Tibetan macaque	M. thibetana (H. Milne-Edwards, 1870) Four subspecies M. t. esau M. t. guiahouensis M. t. huangshanensis M. t. thibetana	East China	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest and caves[129] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, berries, seeds, leaves, stems, stalks, and invertebrates[129]	NT  Unknown [129]
Tonkean macaque	M. tonkeana (von Meyer, 1899)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[130] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	VU  Unknown [130]
White-cheeked macaque	M. leucogenys Li, Zhao, Fan, 2015	Northeastern India	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[96] Habitat: Forest[131] Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates[96]	EN  Unknown [131]

Genus Mandrillus – Ritgen, 1824 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Drill	M. leucophaeus (F. Cuvier, 1807) Two subspecies M. l. leucophaeus (Mainland drill) M. l. poensis (Bioko drill)	Western Africa	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[132] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and rocky areas[133] Diet: Omnivorous, primarily fruit and seeds[133]	EN  4,000 [133]
Mandrill	M. sphinx (Linnaeus, 1758)	Western Africa	Size: 55–95 cm (22–37 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail[134] Habitat: Forest[135] Diet: Fruit, seeds, fungi, roots, insects, snails, worms, frogs, and lizards, as well as snakes and small vertebrates[136]	VU  Unknown [135]

Genus Miopithecus – Geoffroy, 1842 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Angolan talapoin	M. talapoin (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 32–45 cm (13–18 in) long, plus 36–53 cm (14–21 in) tail[137] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[138] Diet: Insects, leaves, seeds, fruit, water plants, grubs, eggs, and small vertebrates[137]	VU  Unknown [138]
Gabon talapoin	M. ogouensis Kingdon, 1997	Western Africa	Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus 31–45 cm (12–18 in) tail[139] Habitat: Forest[140] Diet: Fruit, seeds and insects[140]	NT  Unknown [140]

Genus Papio – Erxleben, 1777 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chacma baboon	P. ursinus (Kerr, 1792) Three subspecies P. u. griseipes (Gray-footed chacma) P. u. ruacana (Ruacana chacma) P. u. ursinus (Cape chacma)	Southern Africa	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail[141] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert[142] Diet: Fruit, leaves, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates[141]	LC  Unknown [142]
Guinea baboon	P. papio (Desmarest, 1820)	Western Africa	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail[143] Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands[144] Diet: Roots, tubers, bulbs, corms, small vertebrates, fruit, and seeds[143]	NT  Unknown [144]
Hamadryas baboon	P. hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758)	Horn of Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 38–61 cm (15–24 in) tail[145] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[146] Diet: Fruit, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, rhizomes, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates[145]	LC  Unknown [146]
Kinda baboon	P. kindae Lönnberg, 1919	Central Africa (in green)	Size: 55–84 cm (22–33 in) long, plus 38–66 cm (15–26 in) tail[147] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[148] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily fruit[148]	LC  Unknown [148]
Olive baboon	P. anubis (Lesson, 1827)	Equatorial Africa	Size: 61–84 cm (24–33 in) long, plus 31–60 cm (12–24 in) tail[149] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[150] Diet: Fruit, gums, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, rhizomes, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates[151]	LC  Unknown [150]
Yellow baboon	P. cynocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies P. c. cynocephalus (Common yellow baboon) P. c. ibeanus (Ibean baboon)	Eastern Africa (in red)	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail[152] Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, and forest[153] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, roots, leaves, buds, bark, flowers, insects, and small vertebrates[152]	LC  Unknown [153]

Genus Rungwecebus – Davenport, 2006 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Kipunji	R. kipunji Jones et al., 2005	Southeastern Africa	Size: 85–90 cm (33–35 in) long, plus about 115 cm (45 in) tail[154] Habitat: Forest[155] Diet: Omnivorous, including bulbs, roots, shoots, seeds, and fruit[154]	EN  Unknown [155]

Genus Theropithecus – Geoffroy, 1843 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Gelada	T. gelada (Rüppell, 1835) Two subspecies T. g. gelada (Northern gelada) T. g. obscurus (Eastern gelada)	Eastern Africa	Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 32–55 cm (13–22 in) tail[156] Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas[157] Diet: Leaves and forbs, as well as roots, corms, tubers and rhizomes[157]	LC  Unknown [157]

Subfamily Colobinae

Main article: Colobinae

Genus Colobus – Illiger, 1811 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Angola colobus	C. angolensis P. L. Sclater, 1860 Six subspecies C. a. angolensis (Sclater's Angola colobus) C. a. cordieri (Cordier's Angola colobus) C. a. cottoni (Powell-Cotton's Angola colobus) C. a. palliates (Tanzanian black-and-white colobus) C. a. prigoginei (Prigogine's Angola colobus) C. a. ruwenzorii (Ruwenzori colobus) C. a. sharpei (Sharpe's Angola Colobus)	Central Africa	Size: 49–68 cm (19–27 in) long, plus 70–83 cm (28–33 in) tail[158] Habitat: Forest[159] Diet: Leaves, as well as stems, bark, flowers, buds, shoots, fruits, and insects[158]	VU  Unknown [159]
Black colobus	C. satanas Waterhouse, 1838 Two subspecies C. s. anthracinus (Gabon black colobus) C. s. satanas (Bioko black colobus)	Western Africa	Size: 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 62–88 cm (24–35 in) tail[160] Habitat: Forest[161] Diet: Nuts and seeds, as well as unripe fruit and leaves[160]	VU  Unknown [161]
King colobus	C. polykomos (Zimmermann, 1780)	Western Africa	Size: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail[162] Habitat: Forest and savanna[163] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and flowers[162]	EN  Unknown [163]
Mantled guereza	C. guereza Rüppell, 1835 Seven subspecies C. g. caudatus (Kilimanjaro guereza) C. g. dodingae (Dodinga Hills guereza) C. g. guereza (Omo River guereza) C. g. kikuyuensis (Eastern black-and-white colobus) C. g. matschiei (Mau Forest guereza) C. g. occidentalis (Western guereza) C. g. percivali (Mt Uaraguess guereza)	Central Africa	Size: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail[164] Habitat: Forest[165] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, buds, and blossoms[164]	LC  Unknown [165]
Ursine colobus	C. vellerosus (Geoffroy, 1834)	Western Africa	Size: 60–67 cm (24–26 in) long, plus 73–93 cm (29–37 in) tail[166] Habitat: Forest[167] Diet: Leaves and seeds, as well as fruit, insects, and clay[168]	CR  975 [167]

Genus Nasalis – Geoffroy, 1812 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Proboscis monkey	N. larvatus Wurmb, 1787	Borneo	Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail[169] Habitat: Forest[170] Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae[171]	EN  Unknown [170]

Genus Piliocolobus – Rochebrune, 1887 – sixteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bouvier's red colobus	P. bouvieri (Rochebrune, 1887)	Congo (in purple on left)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[173] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [173]
Foa's red colobus	P. foai (Pousargues, 1899)	Congo (in black, bottom right)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[174] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [174]
Lomami red colobus	P. parmentieri (Colyn, Verheyen, 1987)	Congo	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[175] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [175]
Lang's red colobus	P. langi (J. A. Allen, 1925)	Congo	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[176] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [176]
Miss Waldron's red colobus	P. waldronae (Hayman, 1936)	Western Africa	Size: 47–63 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 52–75 cm (20–30 in) tail[177] Habitat: Forest[178] Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, buds, and flowers[177]	CR  Unknown [178]
Niger Delta red colobus	P. epieni (Grubb, Powell, 1999)	Western Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[179] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	CR  Unknown [179]
Oustalet's red colobus	P. oustaleti (Trouessart, 1906)	Congo (in green)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[180] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	VU  Unknown [180]
Pennant's colobus	P. pennantii (Waterhouse, 1838)	Western Africa	Size: 53–63 cm (21–25 in) long, plus 60–70 cm (24–28 in) tail[181] Habitat: Forest[182] Diet: Leaves and shoots, as well as seeds and fruit[181]	CR  Unknown [182]
Preuss's red colobus	P. preussi (Matschie, 1900)	Western Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[183] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	CR  Unknown [183]
Semliki red colobus	P. semlikiensis (Colyn, 1991)	Congo (in dark blue on right)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[184] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	VU  Unknown [184]
Tana River red colobus	P. rufomitratus (Peters, 1879)	Kenya	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail[185] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[186] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers[185]	CR  Unknown [186]
Thollon's red colobus	P. tholloni (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)	Congo (in orange)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[187] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers[187]	VU  Unknown [187]
Udzungwa red colobus	P. gordonorum (Matschie, 1900)	Southeastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest[188] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	VU  35,000 [188]
Ugandan red colobus	P. tephrosceles Elliot, 1907	Eastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest and savanna[189] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [189]
Western red colobus	P. badius (Kerr, 1792) Three subspecies P. b. badius (Bay red colobus) P. b. temminckii (Temminck's red colobus)	Western Africa	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna[190] Diet: Leaves, seeds, unripe fruit, and shoots[191]	EN  Unknown [190]
Zanzibar red colobus	P. kirkii (Gray, 1868)	Eastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[172] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[192] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers[193]	EN  5,900 [192]

Genus Presbytis – Eschscholtz, 1821 – nineteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black Sumatran langur	P. sumatranus (S. Müller, Schlegel, 1841)	Island of Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[195] Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds and flowers[195]	EN  Unknown [195]
Black-and-white langur	P. bicolor Aimi, Bakar, 1992	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[196] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	DD  Unknown [196]
Black-crested Sumatran langur	P. melalophos (Raffles, 1821)	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[197] Diet: Fruits and leaves, as well as seeds and flowers[198]	EN  Unknown [197]
East Sumatran banded langur	P. percura Lyon, 1908	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[199] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	CR  Unknown [199]
Hose's langur	P. hosei (Thomas, 1889)	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[200] Diet: Leaves, unripe fruits, seeds, flowers, bird eggs and nestlings[200]	VU  Unknown [200]
Javan surili	P. comata (Desmarest, 1822) Two subspecies P. c. comata P. c. fredericae	Island of Java in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[201] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruits, flowers, and seeds[201]	VU  5,500 [201]
Maroon leaf monkey	P. rubicunda (Müller, 1838) Five subspecies P. r. carimatae P. r. chrysea P. r. ignita P. r. rubicunda P. r. rubida	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[202] Diet: Leaves, seeds, and fruit, as well as flowers and pith[202]	VU  Unknown [202]
Siberut langur	P. siberu (Chasen, Kloss, 1928)	Island of Siberut in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[203] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	EN  Unknown [203]
Mentawai langur	P. potenziani (Bonaparte, 1856)	Mentawai islands in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[204] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	CR  Unknown [204]
Miller's langur	P. canicrus G. S. Miller, 1934	Eastern Borneo (in light green)	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[205] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	EN  Unknown [205]
Mitered langur	P. mitrata Eschscholtz, 1821	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[206] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	VU  Unknown [206]
Natuna Island surili	P. natunae (Thomas, Hartert, 1894)	Island of Natuna Besar in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[207] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	VU  9,000 [207]
Raffles' banded langur	P. femoralis (Martin, 1838)	Singapore and southern Peninsular Malaysia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[208] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	CR  200–250 [208]
Robinson's banded langur	P. robinsoni Thomas, 1910	Southern Malay Peninsula	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[209] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	NT  Unknown [209]
Sabah grizzled langur	P. sabana (Thomas, 1893)	Eastern Borneo (in dark brown)	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[210] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	EN  Unknown [210]
Sarawak surili	P. chrysomelas (Müller, 1838) Two subspecies P. c. chrysomelas P. c. cruciger	Northern Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[211] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	CR  Unknown [211]
Thomas's langur	P. thomasi (Collett, 1893)	Northern island of Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 42–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[212] Habitat: Forest[213] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and seeds, as well as flowers, bark, twigs, stalks, birds, bird eggs, algae, and insects[212]	VU  Unknown [213]
White-fronted surili	P. frontata (Müller, 1838)	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[214] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	VU  Unknown [214]
White-thighed surili	P. siamensis (Müller, Schlegel, 1838) Four subspecies P. s. cana P. s. paenulata P. s. rhionis P. s. siamensis	Southeastern Asia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[194] Habitat: Forest[215] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[194]	NT  Unknown [215]

Genus Procolobus – Rochebrune, 1877 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Olive colobus	P. verus (Van Beneden, 1838)	Western Africa	Size: 43–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 57–64 cm (22–25 in) tail[216] Habitat: Forest[217] Diet: Leaves and flowers[218]	VU  Unknown [217]

Genus Pygathrix – Geoffroy, 1812 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-shanked douc	P. nigripes H. Milne-Edwards, 1871	Southeastern Asia	Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 56–76 cm (22–30 in) tail[219] Habitat: Forest[220] Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, fruit and flowers[220]	CR  Unknown [220]
Gray-shanked douc	P. cinerea (Nadler, 1997)	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 59–68 cm (23–27 in) tail[219] Habitat: Forest[221] Diet: Leaves, as well as buds, fruit, seeds, and flowers[222]	CR  Unknown [221]
Red-shanked douc	P. nemaeus (Linnaeus, 1771)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 55–77 cm (22–30 in) tail[223] Habitat: Forest[224] Diet: Leaves, as well as unripe fruit, seeds, and flowers[223]	CR  Unknown [224]

Genus Rhinopithecus – H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey	R. bieti (A. Milne-Edwards, 1897)	Southern China	Size: 74–83 cm (29–33 in) long, plus 51–72 cm (20–28 in) tail[225] Habitat: Forest[226] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and lichen[225]	EN  1,000 [226]
Golden snub-nosed monkey	R. roxellana A. Milne-Edwards, 1870 Three subspecies R. r. hubeiensis (Hubei golden snub-nosed monkey) R. r. qinlingensis (Qinling golden snub-nosed monkey) R. r. roxellana (Moupin golden snub-nosed monkey)	Central China	Size: 57–76 cm (22–30 in) long, plus 51–72 cm (20–28 in) tail[227] Habitat: Forest[228] Diet: Leaves, bark, and lichen, as well as buds and fruit seeds[227]	EN  Unknown [228]
Gray snub-nosed monkey	R. brelichi Thomas, 1903	Central China	Size: 64–73 cm (25–29 in) long, plus 70–97 cm (28–38 in) tail[229] Habitat: Forest[230] Diet: Leaves, buds, fruit, seeds and bark, as well as insect larvae[229]	CR  200 [230]
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey	R. strykeri Geissmann et al., 2010	Northern Myanmar	Size: About 56 cm (22 in) long, plus 78 cm (31 in) tail[231] Habitat: Forest[232] Diet: Leaves, fruit, seeds, buds, flowers, twigs, and bark[233]	CR  350–400 [232]
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey	R. avunculus (Dollman, 1912)	Northern Vietnam	Size: 51–65 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 66–92 cm (26–36 in) tail[234] Habitat: Forest[235] Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers, and seeds[234]	CR  80–100 [235]

Genus Semnopithecus – Desmarest, 1822 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-footed gray langur	S. hypoleucos Blyth, 1841 Three subspecies S. h. achates S. h. hypoleucos S. h. iulus	Southern India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[237] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[236]	LC  Unknown [237]
Kashmir gray langur	S. ajax Pocock, 1928	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest[238] Diet: Leaves, bark, and seeds[238]	EN  1,400–1,500 [238]
Nepal gray langur	S. schistaceus Hodgson, 1840	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas[239] Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as seeds, roots, flowers, bark, twigs, coniferous cones, moss, lichens, ferns, shoots, rhizomes, grass, and invertebrate animals[239]	LC  Unknown [239]
Nilgiri langur	S. johnii (J. Fischer, 1829)	Southern India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest[240] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[236]	VU  9,500–10,000 [240]
Northern plains gray langur	S. entellus (Dufresne, 1797)	India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[241] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers, as well as insects, bark, gum, and soil[242]	LC  Unknown [241]
Tarai gray langur	S. hector Pocock, 1928	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest[243] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[236]	NT  Unknown [243]
Tufted gray langur	S. priam Blyth, 1844 Three subspecies S. p. anchises S. p. priam S. p. thersites	Southern India and Sri Lanka	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[244] Diet: Leaves and fruit[244]	NT  Unknown [244]
Purple-faced langur	S. vetulus (Erxleben, 1777) Four subspecies T. v. monticola (Montane purple-faced langur) T. v. nestor (Western purple-faced langur) T. v. philbricki (Dryzone purple-faced langur) T. v. vetulus (Southern lowland wetzone purple-faced langur)	Sri Lanka	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail[236] Habitat: Forest[245] Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers, and seeds[245]	EN  Unknown [245]

Genus Simias – Miller, 1903 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Pig-tailed langur	S. concolor Miller, 1903 Three subspecies S. c. concolor S. c. siberu	Islands near Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 45–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail[246] Habitat: Forest[247] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and berries[248]	CR  Unknown [247]

Genus Trachypithecus – Reichenbach, 1862 – twenty-one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Annamese langur	T. margarita (Elliot, 1909)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[250] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	EN  Unknown [250]
Capped langur	T. pileatus (Blyth, 1843) Three subspecies T. p. brahma T. p. pileatus T. p. tenebricus	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[251] Diet: Leaves, seeds, and fruit, as well as flowers, buds, bark, and caterpillars[251]	VU  Unknown [251]
Cat Ba langur	T. poliocephalus (Pousargues, 1898)	Cát Bà Island, Vietnam (in purple)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forests and caves[252] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	CR  30–35 [252]
Delacour's langur	T. delacouri (Osgood, 1911)	Northern Vietnam	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[253] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	CR  240–250 [253]
Dusky leaf monkey	T. obscurus (Reid, 1837) Seven subspecies T. o. carbo T. o. flavicauda T. o. halonifer T. o. obscurus T. o. sanctorum T. o. seimundi T. o. styx	Southeastern Asia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail[254] Habitat: Forest[255] Diet: Leaves, shoots, fruit, and seedlings[254]	EN  Unknown [255]
East Javan langur	T. auratus Geoffroy, 1812	Java and nearby islands in Indonesia	Size: 44–65 cm (17–26 in) long, plus 61–87 cm (24–34 in) tail[256] Habitat: Forest[257] Diet: Leaves and flowers, as well as fruit and insect larvae[256]	VU  Unknown [257]
François' langur	T. francoisi (Pousargues, 1898)	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[258] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as insects[259]	EN  2,000–2,100 [258]
Gee's golden langur	T. geei (Khajuria, 1956)	Southern Asia	Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 70–100 cm (28–39 in) tail[260] Habitat: Forest[261] Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and twigs[260]	EN  6,000–6,500 [261]
Germain's langur	T. germaini (H. Milne-Edwards, 1876)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest and rocky areas[262] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[262]	EN  Unknown [262]
Hatinh langur	T. hatinhensis (Dao, 1970)	Vietnam	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[263] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, vines, and flowers[263]	EN  Unknown [263]
Indochinese black langur	T. ebenus Brandon-Jones, 1995	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[264] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, vines, and flowers[264]	EN  Unknown [264]
Indochinese grey langur	T. crepuscula (Elliot, 1909)	Southeast Asia (in red)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and rocky areas[265] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	EN  2,400–2,500 [265]
Laotian langur	T. laotum (Thomas, 1911)	Laos	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest and rocky areas[266] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	EN  Unknown [266]
Phayre's leaf monkey	T. phayrei (Blyth, 1847) Two subspecies T. p. phayrei T. p. shanicus	Southeast Asia (in green)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[267] Diet: Leaves, as well as bamboo shoots[268]	EN  Unknown [267]
Popa langur	T. popa Roos et al., 2020	Myanmar	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[269] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	CR  130–180 [269]
Shortridge's langur	T. shortridgei Wroughton, 1915	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[270] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	EN  Unknown [270]
Selangor silvered langur	T. selangorensis Roos, Nadler, Walter, 2008	Peninsular Malaysia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[271] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	NT  Unknown [271]
Silvery lutung	T. cristatus Raffles, 1821 Two subspecies T. c. cristatus T. c. vigilans	Southeastern Asia	Size: 46–56 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail[272] Habitat: Forest[273] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, seeds, shoots, flowers, and buds[272]	VU  Unknown [273]
Tenasserim lutung	T. barbei (Blyth, 1847)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[274] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	VU  Unknown [274]
West Javan langur	T. mauritius (Griffith, 1821)	Island of Java	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Forest[275] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	VU  Unknown [275]
White-headed langur	T. leucocephalus Tan, 1957	Southern China	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail[249] Habitat: Rocky areas[276] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[249]	CR  230–250 [276]

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