List of leporids

Brown rabbit in woods
European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Leporidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called a leporid, or colloquially a hare or rabbit. They are widespread worldwide, and can be found in most terrestrial biomes, though primarily in forests, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands. Leporids are all roughly the same shape and fall within a small range of sizes with short tails, ranging from the 21 cm (8 in) long Tres Marias cottontail to the 76 cm (30 in) long desert hare. Most species do not have population estimates and some are not yet evaluated for conservation status, though nine species are considered endangered and one, the riverine rabbit, is critically endangered with a population size of as low as 100. The domestic rabbit subspecies of the European rabbit has been domesticated.

The 64 extant species of Leporidae are contained within 11 genera. One genus, Lepus, contains 32 species that are collectively referred to as hares; the other eight genera are generally referred to as rabbits, with the majority – 19 species – in Sylvilagus, or the cottontail rabbits. Over one hundred extinct Leporidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (9 species)
 VU Vulnerable (8 species)
 NT Near threatened (2 species)
 LC Least concern (39 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (5 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the leporid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

The family Leporidae consists of 64 extant species in 11 genera which are divided into over 200 extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Leporidae  

Leporids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[2]

Genus BrachylagusMiller, 1900 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Pygmy rabbit

Gray rabbit

B. idahoensis
(Merriam, 1891)
Western America (introduced in red)
Map of range
Size: 23–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[3]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[4]

Diet: Sagebrush, as well as grass and other plants[3]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[4]

Genus BunolagusThomas, 1929 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Riverine rabbit

Gray rabbit

B. monticularis
(Thomas, 1903)
Southern South Africa
Map of range
Size: 33–47 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Shrubland[6]

Diet: Shrubs as well as grass[6]
 CR 


100-200 Population declining[6]

Genus CaprolagusBlyth, 1845 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hispid hare

Drawing of brown hare

C. hispidus
(Blyth, 1845)
Himalayas
Map of range
Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands[8]

Diet: Grass as well as other plants[8]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Genus LepusLinnaeus, 1758 – thirty-two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian hare

Drawing of gray hare

L. habessinicus
Hemprich, Ehrenberg, 1832

Four subspecies
  • L. h. angolensis
  • L. h. microtis
  • L. h. senegalensis
  • L. h. whytei
Horn of Africa
Map of range
Size: 44–45 cm (17–18 in) long[9]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and desert[10]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, and forbs[9]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[10]

African savanna hare

Gray hare

L. victoriae
Heuglin, 1865
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range
Size: 41–58 cm (16–23 in) long[11]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[12]

Diet: Variety of plants[12]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[12]

Alaskan hare

White hare

L. othus
Merriam, 1900

Two subspecies
  • L. o. othus
  • L. o. tschuktschorum
Western Alaska
Map of range
Size: 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[14]

Diet: Dwarf willow, grass, sedges, and other plants[14]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Antelope jackrabbit

Gray and brown hare

L. alleni
Mearns, 1890

Three subspecies
  • L. a. alleni
  • L. a. palitans
  • L. a. tiburonensis
Southwestern North America
Map of range
Size: 43–70 cm (17–28 in) long, plus 5–14 cm (2–6 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[16]

Diet: Grass, velvet mesquite, and cacti[16]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[16]

Arctic hare

White hare

L. arcticus
Ross, 1819

Four subspecies
  • L. a. arcticus
  • L. a. bangsii
  • L. a. groenlandicus
  • L. a. monstrabilis
Arctic North America
Map of range
Size: 56–66 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 4–10 cm (2–4 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[18]

Diet: Woody plants[18]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[18]

Black jackrabbit


L. insularis
Bryant, 1891
Tip of Baja California
Map of range
Size: 54–61 cm (21–24 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, caves, desert, and coastal marine[20]

Diet: Grass, as well as tree bark[21]
 VU 


900 Population steady[20]

Black-tailed jackrabbit

Gray hare

L. californicus
Gray, 1837

Six subspecies
  • L. c. californicus
  • L. c. deserticola
  • L. c. insularis
  • L. c. magdalenae
  • L. c. melanotis
  • L. c. texianus
Western and central North America
Map of range
Size: 47–63 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 5–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[22]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[23]

Diet: Grass and herbs, as well as twigs and bark[22]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[23]

Broom hare

Gray hare

L. castroviejoi
Arribas, 1977
Northern Spain
Map of range
Size: 41–59 cm (16–23 in) long[24]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[25]

Diet: Grass, herbs, field crops, twigs, buds, and bark[25]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Burmese hare

Gray hare

L. peguensis
Blyth, 1855

Two subspecies
  • L. p. peguensis
  • L. p. vassali
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 40–59 cm (16–23 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[26]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[27]

Diet: Grass, bark and twigs[27]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[27]

Cape hare

Gray and brown hare

L. capensis
Linnaeus, 1758

Twelve subspecies
  • L. c. aegyptius
  • L. c. aquilo
  • L. c. arabicus
  • L. c. atlanticus
  • L. c. capensis
  • L. c. carpi
  • L. c. granti
  • L. c. hawkeri
  • L. c. isabellinus
  • L. c. schlumbergeri
  • L. c. sinaiticus
  • L. c. whitakeri
Africa and western Asia
Map of range
Size: 52–60 cm (20–24 in) long[28]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[29]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, and herbs[29]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Chinese hare

Drawing of brown hare

L. sinensis
Gray, 1832

Three subspecies
  • L. s. formosus
  • L. s. sinensis
  • L. s. yuenshanensis
Southeastern China and Taiwan
Map of range
Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[31]

Diet: Leafy plants, green shoots, and twigs[31]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[31]

Corsican hare

Brown hare

L. corsicanus
Winton, 1898
Southern Italy
Map of range
Size: 55–61 cm (22–24 in) long[32]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and coastal marine[33]

Diet: Grass, as well as mint, sedges, rushes, peas, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Desert hare

Brown hare

L. tibetanus
Waterhouse, 1841

Five subspecies
  • L. t. centrasiaticus
  • L. t. craspedotis
  • L. t. pamirensis
  • L. t. stoliczkanus
  • L. t. tibetanus
Northwestern China
Map of range
Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long[34]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[35]

Diet: Variety of plants as well as seeds, berries, roots, and twigs[34]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[35]

Ethiopian hare


L. fagani
Thomas, 1903
Ethiopia
Map of range
Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[37]

Diet: Unknown plants[37]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[37]

Ethiopian highland hare

Ethiopian highland hare

L. starcki
Petter, 1963
Central Ethiopia
Map of range
Size: 46–60 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[39]

Diet: Grass as well as shrubs[39]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[39]

European hare

Brown hare

L. europaeus
Pallas, 1778

Sixteen subspecies
  • L. e. caspicus
  • L. e. connori
  • L. e. creticus
  • L. e. cyprius
  • L. e. cyrensis
  • L. e. europaeus
  • L. e. hybridus
  • L. e. judeae
  • L. e. karpathorum
  • L. e. medius
  • L. e. occidentalis
  • L. e. parnassius
  • L. e. ponticus
  • L. e. rhodius
  • L. e. syriacus
  • L. e. transsylvanicus
Europe, western Asia, northeastern North America, southern South America, eastern Oceana (introduced in light red)
Map of range
Size: 60–75 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[41]

Diet: Grass, herbs, field crops, twigs, buds, and bark[40]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Granada hare

Brown hare

L. granatensis
Rosenhauer, 1856

Three subspecies
  • L. g. gallaecius
  • L. g. granatensis
  • L. g. solisi (Majorcan hare)
Iberian Peninsula (introduced in pink)
Map of range
Size: 44–48 cm (17–19 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[42]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[43]

Diet: Buds, twigs, bark, and crops[44]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[43]

Hainan hare

Drawing of brown rabbit

L. hainanus
Swinhoe, 1870
Hainan Island, China
Map of range
Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[46]

Diet: Plants[47]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Indian hare

Brown and gray hare

L. nigricollis
F. Cuvier, 1823

Seven subspecies
  • L. n. aryabertensis
  • L. n. dayanus
  • L. n. nigricollis
  • L. n. ruficaudatus
  • L. n. sadiya
  • L. n. simcoxi
  • L. n. singhala
Indian subcontinent
Map of range
Size: 40–70 cm (16–28 in) long[48]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, and desert[49]

Diet: Grass and flowering plants[48]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[49]

Japanese hare

Brown hare

L. brachyurus
Temminck, 1845

Four subspecies
  • L. b. angustidens
  • L. b. brachyurus
  • L. b. lyoni
  • L. b. okiensis
Japan
Map of range
Size: 45–54 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[50]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[51]

Diet: Grass, buds, seedlings, and shrubs[52]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[51]

Korean hare

Brown hare

L. coreanus
Thomas, 1892
Korea
Map of range
Size: 45–54 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[54]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, and bark[53]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[54]

Manchurian hare

Brown hare

L. mandshuricus
Radde, 1861
Eastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 41–54 cm (16–21 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Bark and twigs, as well as shrubs, herbs, and fruit[57]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[56]

Mountain hare

Gray hare

L. timidus
Linnaeus, 1758

Fifteen subspecies
  • L. t. ainu
  • L. t. begitschevi
  • L. t. gichiganus
  • L. t. hibernicus
  • L. t. kamtschaticus
  • L. t. kolymensis
  • L. t. kozhevnikovi
  • L. t. lugubris
  • L. t. mordeni
  • L. t. orii
  • L. t. scoticus
  • L. t. sibiricorum
  • L. t. timidus
  • L. t. transbaicalicus
  • L. t. varronis
Europe and northern Asia
Map of range
Size: 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[59]

Diet: Seeds, berries, roots, twigs, and other plants[58]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[59]

Scrub hare

Gray hare

L. saxatilis
F. Cuvier, 1823

Two subspecies
  • L. s. saxatilis
  • L. s. subrufus
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long[60]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[61]

Diet: Grass[61]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Snowshoe hare

White hare

L. americanus
Erxleben, 1777

Six subspecies
  • L. a. americanus
  • L. a. bairdii
  • L. a. cascadensis
  • L. a. dalli
  • L. a. struthopus
  • L. a. virginianus
Northern North America
Map of range
Size: 38–51 cm (15–20 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) tail[62]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[63]

Diet: Grass, forbs, sedges, and ferns[63]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[63]

Tehuantepec jackrabbit

Brown and white hare

L. flavigularis
Wagner, 1844
Small region of southern Mexico
Map of range
Size: 56–61 cm (22–24 in) long[64]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and coastal marine[65]

Diet: Grass, as well as other plants[64]
 EN 


300 Population declining[65]

Tolai hare

Gray hare

L. tolai
Pallas, 1778

Eight subspecies
  • L. t. aurigineus
  • L. t. buchariensis
  • L. t. cheybani
  • L. t. cinnamomeus
  • L. t. filchneri
  • L. t. lehmanni
  • L. t. swinhoei
  • L. t. tolai
Central and eastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 40–59 cm (16–23 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas[67]

Diet: Roots, grass, and herbs[67]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[67]

White-sided jackrabbit

Two brown hares

L. callotis
Wagler, 1830

Two subspecies
  • L. c. callotis
  • L. c. gaillardi
Southern North America
Map of range
Size: 43–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 4–10 cm (2–4 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[69]

Diet: Grass and sedges[68]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[69]

White-tailed jackrabbit

Gray hare

L. townsendii
Bachman, 1839

Two subspecies
  • L. t. campanius
  • L. t. townsendii
Central and northern North America
Map of range
Size: 53–60 cm (21–24 in) long[70]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[71]

Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as shrubs[71]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[71]

Woolly hare

Brown hare

L. oiostolus
Hodgson, 1840

Four subspecies
  • L. o. hypsibius
  • L. o. oiostolus
  • L. o. pallipes
  • L. o. przewalskii
Central Asia
Map of range
Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[73]

Diet: Grass and leaves, as well as fruit and crops[72]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[73]

Yarkand hare

Brown hare

L. yarkandensis
Günther, 1875
Western China
Map of range
Size: 28–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[75]

Diet: Grass and crops[75]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[75]

Yunnan hare

Gray hare

L. comus
Allen, 1927
Southern China
Map of range
Size: 28–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Grassland[77]

Diet: Forbs and shrubs[78]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[77]

Genus NesolagusMajor, 1899 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Annamite striped rabbit


N. timminsi
Averianov, Abramov, Tikhonov, 2000
Annamite Range in Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long[79]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Unknown plants[79]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[80]

Sumatran striped rabbit

Stuffed brown rabbit

N. netscheri
(Schlegel, 1880)
Sumatra
Map of range
Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[81]

Diet: Cyrtandra plants[81]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[81]

Genus OryctolagusLilljeborg, 1762 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
European rabbit

Brown rabbit

O. cuniculus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • O. c. algirus (Iberian rabbit)
  • O. c. brachyotus (Camargue rabbit)
  • O. c. cnossius (Cretan rabbit)
  • O. c. cuniculus (Common rabbit)
  • O. c. domesticus (Domestic rabbit)
  • O. c. habetensis (African rabbit)
  • O. c. huxleyi (Mediterranean rabbit)
Europe, southern South America, and Oceana (introduced in pink)
Map of range
Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long[82]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[83]

Diet: Grass, leaves, buds, bark, and roots[82]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[83]

Genus PentalagusLyon, 1904 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amami rabbit

Stuffed brown rabbit

P. furnessi
(Stone, 1900)
Southern tip of Japan
Map of range
Size: 39–53 cm (15–21 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[84]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and intertidal marine[85]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, and acorns[85]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[85]

Genus PoelagusSt. Leger, 1932 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bunyoro rabbit


P. marjorita
(St. Leger, 1929)
Central Africa
Map of range
Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) tail[86]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and rocky areas[87]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, forbs, and tubers[86]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[87]

Genus PronolagusLyon, 1904 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hewitt's red rock hare

Brown rabbit

P. saundersiae
Hewitt, 1927
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 38–54 cm (15–21 in) long, plus 5–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[88]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[89]

Diet: Grass[88]
 LC 


10,000 Unknown[89]

Jameson's red rock hare

Gray rabbit

P. randensis
Jameson, 1907

Three subspecies
  • P. r. caucinus
  • P. r. randensis
  • P. r. whitei
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long[90]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[91]

Diet: Grass[90]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[91]

Natal red rock hare

Drawing of brown rabbit

P. crassicaudatus
(Geoffroy, 1832)

Two subspecies
  • P. c. crassicaudatus
  • P. c. ruddi
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 46–56 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 3–11 cm (1–4 in) tail[92]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas[93]

Diet: Grass[92]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Smith's red rock hare

Black-and-white night photo of rabbit

P. rupestris
Smith, 1834

Five subspecies
  • P. r. curryi
  • P. r. nyikae
  • P. r. rupestris
  • P. r. saundersiae
  • P. r. vallicola
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 38–54 cm (15–21 in) long, plus 5–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[94]

Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, and desert[95]

Diet: Grass, herbs, and shrubs[96]
 LC 


10,000 Unknown[95]

Genus RomerolagusMerriam, 1896 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Volcano rabbit

Gray rabbit

R. diazi
(Ferrari-Pérez, 1893)
Southern Mexico
Map of range
Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[98]

Diet: Grass[97]
 EN 


7,000 Population declining[98]

Genus SylvilagusGray, 1867 – nineteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Andean tapeti

Brown rabbit

S. andinus
(Thomas, 1897)
Northern Andes Size: 33–36 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Grassland[100]

Diet: Grass and sedges[100]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[100]

Appalachian cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. obscurus
Chapman, Cramer, Dippenaar, Robinson, 1992
Eastern America
Map of range
Size: 32–41 cm (13–16 in) long, plus 2–7 cm (1–3 in) tail[101]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[102]

Diet: Ferns, grass, forbs, shrubs, and conifer needles[102]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[102]

Brush rabbit

Brown rabbit

S. bachmani
(Waterhouse, 1839)

Six subspecies
  • S. b. bachmani
  • S. b. cerrosensis
  • S. b. cinerascens
  • S. b. exiguus
  • S. b. howelli
  • S. b. ubericolor
Western North America
Map of range
Size: 30–37 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[103]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, and desert[104]

Diet: Grass, as well as other plants[104]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[104]

Central American tapeti


S. gabbi
(Allen, 1877)
Central America Size: Unknown[105]

Habitat: Forest[106]

Diet: Unknown plants[105]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[106]

Coastal tapeti


S. tapetillus
Thomas, 1913
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Size: Unknown[107]

Habitat: Grassland[108]

Diet: Unknown plants[107]
 VU 


Unknown Unknown[108]

Common tapeti

Brown rabbit

S. brasiliensis
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seventeen subspecies
  • S. b. apollinaris (Bogota tapeti)
  • S. b. brasiliensis
  • S. b. capsalis
  • S. b. caracasensis
  • S. b. chillae
  • S. b. chotanus
  • S. b. defilippi
  • S. b. fulvescens (Fulvous tapeti)
  • S. b. gibsoni
  • S. b. inca
  • S. b. kelloggi
  • S. b. meridensis
  • S. b. minensis
  • S. b. paraguensis
  • S. b. peruanus
  • S. b. surdaster (Western tapeti)
  • S. b. truei
Northeastern Brazil Size: Unknown[105]

Habitat: Forest[109]

Diet: Unknown plants[105]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[109]

Davis Mountains cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. robustus
Bailey, 1905
Mexico and southern United States Size: Unknown[110]

Habitat: Forest[110]

Diet: Unknown plants[110]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[110]

Desert cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. audubonii
(Baird, 1858)

Seven subspecies
  • S. a. arizonae
  • S. a. audubonii
  • S. a. baileyi
  • S. a. confinis
  • S. a. goldmani
  • S. a. minor
  • S. a. warreni
Western North America
Map of range
Size: 37–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) tail[111]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert[112]

Diet: Forbs, grass, and shrubs[112]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[112]

Dice's cottontail


S. dicei
Harris Jr., 1932
Costa Rica and Panama
Map of range
Size: 34–45 cm (13–18 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[113]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[114]

Diet: Unknown plants[113]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[114]

Eastern cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. floridanus
(Allen, 1890)

Seventeen subspecies
  • S. f. alacer
  • S. f. avius
  • S. f. aztecus
  • S. f. chapmani
  • S. f. connectens
  • S. f. cumanicus
  • S. f. floridanus
  • S. f. hesperius
  • S. f. holzneri (Robust cottontail)
  • S. f. hondurensis
  • S. f. macrocorpus
  • S. f. mallurus
  • S. f. margaritae
  • S. f. nigronuchalis
  • S. f. orinoci
  • S. f. orizabae
  • S. f. purgatus
  • S. f. superciliaris
  • S. f. yucatanicus
North America, Central America, and northern South America
Map of range
Size: 39–48 cm (15–19 in) long, plus 2–7 cm (1–3 in) tail[115]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, rocky areas, and desert[116]

Diet: Variety of plants[116]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[116]

Marsh rabbit

Brown rabbit

S. palustris
(Bachman, 1837)

Three subspecies
  • S. p. paludicola (Florida marsh rabbit)
  • S. p. palustris (Carolina marsh rabbit)
  • S. p. hefneri (Lower Keys marsh rabbit)
Eastern America
Map of range
Size: 42–44 cm (17–17 in) long[117]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, inland wetlands, and intertidal marine[118]

Diet: Berries, rhizomes, bulbs, grass, and other plants[117]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[118]

Mexican cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. cunicularius
(Horsfield, 1848)

Two subspecies
  • S. c. cunicularius
  • S. c. insolitus
Southern Mexico
Map of range
Size: 48–52 cm (19–20 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[119]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert[120]

Diet: Unknown plants[119]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[120]

Mountain cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. nuttallii
(Bachman, 1837)

Three subspecies
  • S. n. grangeri
  • S. n. nuttallii
  • S. n. pinetis
Western North America
Map of range
Size: 28–36 cm (11–14 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail[121]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[122]

Diet: Sagebrush and grass[123]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[122]

New England cottontail

Brown rabbit

S. transitionalis
(Bangs, 1895)
New England
Map of range
Size: 39–44 cm (15–17 in) long[124]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[125]

Diet: Grass, forbs, and twigs[124]
 VU 


17,000 Population declining[125]

Omilteme cottontail


S. insonus
Nelson, 1904
Sierra Madre del Sur in Mexico
Map of range
Size: 39–44 cm (15–17 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) tail[126]

Habitat: Forest[126]

Diet: Unknown plants[126]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[126]

Santa Marta tapeti


S. sanctaemartae
Hershkovitz, 1950
Columbia Size: Unknown[105]

Habitat: Forest, grassland[105]

Diet: Unknown plants[105]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[127]

Swamp rabbit

Brown rabbit

S. aquaticus
(Bachman, 1837)

Two subspecies
  • S. a. aquaticus
  • S. a. littoralis
Southern America
Map of range
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[128]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[129]

Diet: Grass, sedges, shrubs, bark, seedlings, and twigs[130]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[129]

Tres Marias cottontail


S. graysoni
(Allen, 1877)
Southwestern Mexico
Map of range
Size: 21–48 cm (8–19 in) long, plus 1–6 cm (0.4–2.4 in) tail[131]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[132]

Diet: Wide variety of plants[131]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[132]

Venezuelan lowland rabbit


S. varynaensis
Durant, Guevara, 2001
Venezuela
Map of range
Size: 41–49 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) tail[133]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[134]

Diet: Sida plants[134]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[134]

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  94. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 112
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