List of murinines

Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat (Murina hilgendorfi)

Murininae is one of the four subfamilies of Vespertilionidae, itself one of twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this subfamily is called a murinine, or a tube-nosed bat. They are found in Asia and Australia, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in savannas. They range in size from the Da Lat tube-nosed bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 2 cm (1 in) tail, to the lesser hairy-winged bat, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, murinines are capable of true and sustained flight. They have wing lengths ranging from 2 cm (1 in) to 6 cm (2 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders.[1] Almost no murinines have population estimates, though two—the Da Lat tube-nosed bat and Ryukyu tube-nosed bat—are categorized as endangered species, and two species—the Bala tube-nosed bat and gloomy tube-nosed bat—are categorized as critically endangered.

The 35 extant species of Murininae are divided between three genera: Harpiocephalus with one species, Harpiola with two species, and Murina with the other 32. A few extinct prehistoric murinine species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (2 species)
EN	Endangered (2 species)
VU	Vulnerable (2 species)
NT	Near threatened (0 species)
LC	Least concern (18 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (11 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the murinine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

Murininae, one of the four subfamilies of the family Vespertilionidae, contains 35 extant species divided into 3 genera.

Subfamily Murininae

• Genus Harpiocephalus (lesser hairy-winged bat): one species
• Genus Harpiola (tube-nosed bats): two species
• Genus Murina (tube-nosed bats): 32 species

Murinines

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Genus Harpiocephalus – Gray, 1842 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lesser hairy-winged bat	H. harpia Temminck, 1840 Four subspecies H. h. harpia H. h. lasyurus H. h. madrassius H. h. rufulus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[5]	LC  Unknown [5]

Genus Harpiola – Thomas, 1915 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Formosan golden tube-nosed bat	H. isodon Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2006	Taiwan	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves[6]	LC  Unknown [6]
Peters's tube-nosed bat	H. grisea Peters, 1872	Northern and eastern India	Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[7]	DD  Unknown [7]

Genus Murina – Gray, 1842 – 32 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Annam tube-nosed bat	M. annamitica Francis & Eger, 2012	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and savanna[9]	LC  Unknown [9]
Bala tube-nosed bat	M. balaensis Soisook, Karapan, Satasook, & Bates, 2013	Thailand	Size: About 3 cm (1 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[11]	CR  Unknown [11]
Beelzebub's tube-nosed bat	M. beelzebub Son, Furey, & Csorba, 2011	Vietnam and Laos	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[12]	DD  Unknown [12]
Bicolored tube-nosed bat	M. bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2009	Taiwan	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[13]	LC  Unknown [13]
Bronze tube-nosed bat	M. aenea Hill, 1964	Malaysia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[14]	VU  Unknown [14]
Brown tube-nosed bat	M. suilla Temminck, 1840 Two subspecies M. s. canescens M. s. suilla	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–7 cm (1–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[15]	LC  Unknown [15]
Da Lat tube-nosed bat	M. harpioloides Kruskop & Eger, 2008	Vietnam	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail about 3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[16]	EN  Unknown [16]
Dusky tube-nosed bat	M. fusca Sowerby, 1922	Northeastern China	Size: About 6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail about 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Unknown[17]	DD  Unknown [17]
Elery's tube-nosed bat	M. eleryi Furey, Thong, Bates, & Csorba, 2009	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[18]	LC  Unknown [18]
Fea's tube-nosed bat	M. feae Thomas, 1891	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[19]	LC  Unknown [19]
Fiona's tube-nosed bat	M. fionae Francis & Eger, 2012	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[20]	LC  Unknown [20]
Flute-nosed bat	M. florium Thomas, 1908 Three subspecies M. f. florium M. f. lanosa M. f. toxopei	Southeastern Asia and Northern Australia (M. f. florium in red, M. f. lanosa in blue, and M. f. toxopei in green)	Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest and savanna[21]	LC  Unknown [21]
Gilded tube-nosed bat	M. rozendaali Hill & Francis, 1984	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[22]	VU  Unknown [22]
Gloomy tube-nosed bat	M. tenebrosa Yoshiyuki, 1970	Tsushima Island in Japan	Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail about 3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Caves[23]	CR  1 [23]
Golden-haired tube-nosed bat	M. chrysochaetes Eger & Lim, 2011	Southern China and northern Vietnam	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 2–3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[24]	DD  Unknown [24]
Greater tube-nosed bat	M. leucogaster (A. Milne-Edwards, 1872) Two subspecies M. l. leucogaster M. l. rubex	Eastern Asia	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[25]	LC  Unknown [25]
Harrison's tube-nosed bat	M. harrisoni Csorba & Bates, 2005	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[26]	LC  Unknown [26]
Hidden tube-nosed bat	M. recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2009	Taiwan	Size: Unknown length 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[27]	LC  Unknown [27]
Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat	M. hilgendorfi Peters, 1880	Eastern Asia	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Caves and forest[28]	LC  Unknown [28]
Hutton's tube-nosed bat	M. huttoni (Peters, 1872) Two subspecies M. h. huttoni M. h. rubella	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[29]	LC  Unknown [29]
Jaintia tube-nosed bat	M. jaintiana Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba, 2012	India and Myanmar	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[30]	DD  Unknown [30]
Little tube-nosed bat	M. aurata A. Milne-Edwards, 1872	Southern and eastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[31]	DD  Unknown [31]
Lorelie's tube-nosed bat	M. lorelieae Eger & Lim, 2011	Southern China	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[32]	DD  Unknown [32]
Rainforest tube-nosed bat	M. pluvialis Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba, 2012	India	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail about 3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[33]	DD  Unknown [33]
Round-eared tube-nosed bat	M. cyclotis Dobson, 1872 Three subspecies M. c. cyclotis M. c. eileenae M. c. peninsularis	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest and caves[34]	LC  Unknown [34]
Ryukyu tube-nosed bat	M. ryukyuana Maeda & Matsumura, 1998	Japan	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[35]	EN  Unknown [35]
Scully's tube-nosed bat	M. tubinaris Scully, 1881	Central Asia	Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[10] Habitat: Forest[36]	DD  Unknown [36]
Shuipu tube-nosed bat	M. shuipuensis Eger & Lim, 2011	Southern China	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Unknown[37]	DD  Unknown [37]
Slender tube-nosed bat	M. gracilis Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2009	Taiwan	Size: Unknown length 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[38] Habitat: Forest[39]	LC  Unknown [39]
Taiwan tube-nosed bat	M. puta Kishida, 1924	Taiwan	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[40]	LC  Unknown [40]
Ussuri tube-nosed bat	M. ussuriensis Ogniov, 1913	Eastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[41]	LC  Unknown [41]
Walston's tube-nosed bat	M. walstoni Furey, Csorba, & Son, 2011	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[42]	DD  Unknown [42]

References

1. Nowak, pp. 184–186
2. "Fossilworks: Murina". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
3. Wilson, Reeder, pp. 522–524
4. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 553
5. Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Harpiocephalus harpia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T99711843A22045367. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T99711843A22045367.en.
6. Kuo, H.; Huang, J. C. -C. (2020). "Harpiola isodon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136445A21983827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136445A21983827.en.
7. Csorba, G.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Chakravarty, R. (2016). "Harpiola grisea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13941A22093890. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T13941A22093890.en.
8. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 554
9. Francis, C. M. (2020). "Murina annamitica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84487907A84487915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84487907A84487915.en.
10. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 555
11. Soisook, P. (2017). "Murina balaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84487939A84487985. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84487939A84487985.en.
12. Csorba, G.; Furey, N.; Son, N.; Görföl, T. (2019). "Murina beelzebub". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84488085A84488093. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84488085A84488093.en.
13. Lee, L.; Kuo, H. (2017). "Murina bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84488443A84488449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84488443A84488449.en.
14. Azhar, M. I.; Rossiter, S. J. (2020). "Murina aenea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13936A22091750. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13936A22091750.en.
15. Azhar, M. I.; Rossiter, S. J. (2020). "Murina suilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13947A22096800. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13947A22096800.en.
16. Kruskop, S. V. (2020). "Murina harpioloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84562293A84562296. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84562293A84562296.en.
17. Wu, Y.; Yu, W. (2020). "Murina fusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13940A22094085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13940A22094085.en.
18. Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Murina eleryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T84557696A84557699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T84557696A84557699.en.
19. Csorba, G. (2020). "Murina feae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84561002A84561005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84561002A84561005.en.
20. Francis, C. M. (2020). "Murina fionae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84500852A84500855. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84500852A84500855.en.
21. Pennay, M. (2021). "Murina florium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T13939A22094567. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13939A22094567.en.
22. Khan, F. A. A.; Rosli, Q. (2020). "Murina rozendaali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13945A22097407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13945A22097407.en.
23. Fukui, D.; Sano, A. (2019). "Murina tenebrosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T13948A22096705. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T13948A22096705.en.
24. Bouillard, N. (2021). "Murina chrysochaetes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T84500863A84500868. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T84500863A84500868.en.
25. Stubbe, M.; Ariunbold, J.; Buuveibaatar, V.; Dorjderem, S.; Monkhzul, T.; Otgonbaatar, M.; Tsogbadrakh, M.; Francis, C. M.; Bates, P. J. J.; Csorba, G. (2016). "Murina leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13943A22093328. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T13943A22093328.en.
26. Csorba, G.; Bates, P. J. J.; Francis, C. M. (2016). "Murina harrisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T99712630A21995130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T99712630A21995130.en.
27. Lee, L.; Kuo, H. (2017). "Murina recondita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84500842A84500845. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84500842A84500845.en.
28. Fukui, D.; Sano, A.; Kruskop, S. V. (2019). "Murina hilgendorfi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136409A22017193. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136409A22017193.en.
29. Csorba, G.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Murina huttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T13942A22093516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T13942A22093516.en.
30. Ruedi, M.; Csorba, G. (2017). "Murina jaintiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84547975A84547978. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84547975A84547978.en.
31. Yu, W.; Wu, Y. (2020). "Murina aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13937A22095123. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T13937A22095123.en.
32. Yu, W.; Wu, Y. (2020). "Murina lorelieae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84500876A84500879. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84500876A84500879.en.
33. Ruedi, M.; Csorba, G. (2017). "Murina pluvialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84548064A84548082. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84548064A84548082.en.
34. Csorba, G.; Bates, P. J. J.; Francis, C. M.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2020). "Murina cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T154196798A22094685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T154196798A22094685.en.
35. Fukui, D.; Sano, A. (2019). "Murina ryukyuana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T29485A22066512. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T29485A22066512.en.
36. Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Murina tubinaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84560827A22096188. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84560827A22096188.en.
37. Yu, W.; Wu, Y. (2020). "Murina shuipuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84501698A84501702. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84501698A84501702.en.
38. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 556
39. Lee, L.; Kuo, H. (2017). "Murina gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84500832A84500835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84500832A84500835.en.
40. Huang, J. C. -C.; Lee, Y.; Ho, Y.; Chou, C.; Cheng, H.-C. (2019). "Murina puta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T13944A22093018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T13944A22093018.en.
41. Fukui, D.; Sano, A.; Kruskop, S. V. (2019). "Murina ussuriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84562332A22095832. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84562332A22095832.en.
42. Csorba, G.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T. (2020). "Murina walstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T84562267A84562270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T84562267A84562270.en.

Sources

• Chernasky, Amy; Motis, Anna; Burgin, Connor, eds. (2023). All the Mammals of the World. Lynx Nature Books. ISBN 978-84-16728-66-4.
• Simmons, Nancy B. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
• Nowak, Ronald M. (1994). Walker's Bats of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4986-2.