Inscriptional Parthian

Inscriptional Parthian
Inscriptional Parthian;
	Parthian version of Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
Script type	Abjad
Time period	250 BC
Direction	Right-to-left script
Languages	Parthian language
Related scripts
Parent systems	Aramaic alphabet Pahlavi scripts Inscriptional Parthian; ;
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Prti (130), Inscriptional Parthian
Unicode
Unicode alias	Inscriptional Parthian
Unicode range	U+10B40–U+10B5F

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Inscriptional Parthian is a script used to write the Parthian language on coins of Parthia from the time of Arsaces I (250 BC). It was also used for inscriptions of Parthian (mostly on clay fragments) and later Sasanian periods (mostly on official inscriptions).

Inscriptional Parthian is written right to left and the letters are not joined.

Letters

Inscriptional Parthian uses 22 letters:^[1]

Name^[A]	Text	IPA^[2]
Aleph	𐭀	/a/, /aː/
Beth	𐭁	/b/, /v/
Gimel	𐭂	/g/, /j/
Daleth	𐭃	/d/, /j/
He	𐭄	/h/
Waw	𐭅	/v/, /r/
Zayin	𐭆	/z/
Heth	𐭇	/h/, /x/
Teth	𐭈	/t/
Yodh	𐭉	/j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/
Kaph	𐭊	/k/
Lamedh	𐭋	/l/
Mem	𐭌	/m/
Nun	𐭍	/n/
Samekh	𐭎	/s/
Ayin	𐭏	/ʔ/
Pe	𐭐	/p/, /b/
Sadhe	𐭑	/s/
Qoph	𐭒	/q/
Resh	𐭓	/r/
Shin	𐭔	/ʃ/, /ʒ/
Taw	𐭕	/t/, /d/

^
Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters^[1]

Ligatures

Inscriptional Parthian uses seven standard ligatures:^[1]

Ligature		Sequence
Image	Text	Sequence
	𐭂𐭅	𐭂 (gimel) + 𐭅 (waw)
	𐭇𐭅	𐭇 (heth) + 𐭅 (waw)
	𐭉𐭅	𐭉 (yodh) + 𐭅 (waw)
	𐭍𐭅	𐭍 (nun) + 𐭅 (waw)
	𐭏𐭋	𐭏 (ayin) + 𐭋 (lamedh)
	𐭓𐭅	𐭓 (resh) + 𐭅 (waw)
	𐭕𐭅	𐭕 (taw) + 𐭅 (waw)

The letters sadhe (𐭑) and nun (𐭍) have swash tails which typically trail under the following letter.^[1] For example:

Ligature		Sequence
Image	Text	Sequence
	𐭍𐭍	𐭍 (nun) + 𐭍 (nun)
	𐭍𐭃	𐭍 (nun) + 𐭃 (daleth)

Numbers

Inscriptional Parthian had its own numerals:

Value		1	2	3	4	10	20	100	1000
Sign	Image
Sign	Text	𐭘	𐭙	𐭚	𐭛	𐭜	𐭝	𐭞	𐭟

Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 158 is written as 𐭞𐭝𐭝𐭜𐭛𐭛‎ (100 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 4 + 4).^[1]

Unicode

Inscriptional Parthian script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Parthian is U+10B40–U+10B5F:

Inscriptional Parthian^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+10B4x	𐭀	𐭁	𐭂	𐭃	𐭄	𐭅	𐭆	𐭇	𐭈	𐭉	𐭊	𐭋	𐭌	𐭍	𐭎	𐭏
U+10B5x	𐭐	𐭑	𐭒	𐭓	𐭔	𐭕			𐭘	𐭙	𐭚	𐭛	𐭜	𐭝	𐭞	𐭟
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points