Chytridiomycota

Chytridiomycota
Rentang waktu: Devonian - Recent
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Divisi:
Chytridiomycota

M.J. Powell 2007[1]
Spesies tipe
Chytridium spp.
A. Braun, 1851
Classes

Chytridiomycetes
Monoblepharidomycetes

Chytridiomycota (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [kɪˈtrɪdi.ɵmaɪˈkoʊtə], ki-TRID-ee-o-mye-KOH-tə) atau chytrids (sg. diucapkan / k ɪ tr ɪ d /, KIT-menyingkirkan) adalah sebuah divisi dari kingdom Fungi [2]. Namanya berasal dari bahasa Yunani chytridion, yang berarti "panci kecil", menggambarkan struktur yang belum pernah dirilis yang mengandung spora. Dalam lebih tua klasifikasi, chytrids (kecuali baru-baru ini didirikan untuk Spizellomycetales ) ditempatkan di Kelas Phycomycetes bawah subdivisi Myxomycophyta Kerajaan Fungi. Juga, dalam Pembatasan lebih tua dan pengertian (tidak digunakan di sini), istilah "chytrids" dimaksud hanya untuk orang jamur dalam urutan Chytridiales. Chytrids adalah fungi yang paling primitif dan sebagian besar saprobic (merendahkan kitin dan keratin).

Karakteristik

Pada fungi ini talusnya coenocytic dan bentuk biasanya tidak benar miselium (memiliki rhizoids sebagai gantinya). Beberapa spesies uniseluler. Seperti halnya jamur lain, dinding sel di chytrids terdiri dari kitin. Banyak chytrids hidup di air (kebanyakan ditemukan di air tawar). Ada sekitar 1.000 spesies chytrid, dalam 127 genera, didistribusikan di antara 5 perintah. Sebuah contoh spesies Chytrid air cetakan - Allomyces getah, itu adalah saprotroph ditemukan dalam air atau tanah basah Spesies memiliki siklus hidup yang menarik. Talus (tubuh) terpasang oleh rhizoids, dan memiliki batang tegak yang organ reproduksi terbentuk pada akhir cabang.

Siklus hidup memiliki kemampuan untuk berubah dari generasi haploid dan diploid. Talus terbentuk dari gamet berflagel haploid laki-laki dan perempuan yang dilepaskan dan bergabung untuk membentuk sebuah Zigot.. Gamet dan perempuan gametangia menarik lawan jenis dengan menghasilkan feromon. Berkecambah menghasilkan zigot yang diploid. Talus dengan dua macam sporangia; zoosporangia berdinding tipis yang melepaskan zoospora diploid menghasilkan diploid thalli dan berdinding tebal sporangia yang setelah meiosis rilis yang membentuk zoospora haploid haploid thalli.

Salah satu jenis Chytridiomycata, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis bertanggung jawab untuk yang ditemukan pada tahun 1998 di Australia dan Panama. Fungi ini dikenal dapat membunuh amfibi dalam jumlah besar, dan telah diusulkan sebagai penyebab utama di seluruh dunia amfibi penurunan. Namun, tidak diketahui proses sebenarnya menuju kematian . Chytrids mungkin juga menginfeksi spesies tanaman; pada khususnya, menyerang jagung dan alfalfa. Synchytrium endobioticum adalah penting kentang patogen.

Referensi

  1. ^ Hibbett, D.S.; et al. (2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. 
  2. ^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. 

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