Euglenozoa

Euglenozoa
Euglena
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Euglenozoa

Kelas dan genera yang tidak ditempatkan

Euglenoidea
Kinetoplastea
Diplonemea
Postgaardi
Calkinsia

Sinonim
  • Euglenoida Cavalier-Smith, 1978

Euglenozoa adalah kelompok besar protozoa berflagela. Anggotanya termasuk berbagai spesies yang hidup bebas dan sejumlah parasit penting, yang beberapa di antaranya menginfeksi manusia. Ada dua subkelompok utama, euglenida dan kinetoplastida. Euglenozoa merupakan organisme uniseluler, sebagian besar berukuran sekitar 15-40 µm, meskipun beberapa euglenid panjangnya hingga 500 µm.[2]

Struktur

Kebanyakan euglenozoa memiliki dua flagela, yang dimasukkan secara paralel satu sama lain dalam kantong apikal atau subapikal. Pada beberapa euglenozoa, flagela ini terkait dengan sitostom atau mulut, yang digunakan untuk menelan bakteri atau organisme kecil lainnya. Hal ini didukung oleh salah satu dari tiga set mikrotubulus yang muncul dari dasar flagela; dua lainnya mendukung permukaan dorsal dan ventral sel.[3]

Beberapa euglenozoa lainnya makan melalui penyerapan, dan banyak euglenid memiliki kloroplas, satu-satunya eukariota di luar Diaphoretickes yang memiliki kloroplas tanpa melakukan kleptoplasti,[4] sehingga memperoleh energi melalui fotosintesis. Kloroplas ini dikelilingi oleh tiga membran dan mengandung klorofil A dan B, bersama dengan pigmen lainnya, sehingga kemungkinan besar berasal dari alga hijau, yang ditangkap sejak lama dalam endosimbiosis oleh euglenozoa basal. Reproduksi terjadi secara eksklusif melalui pembelahan sel. Selama mitosis, membran inti tetap utuh, dan mikrotubulus spindle terbentuk di dalamnya.[3]

Kelompok ini ditandai oleh ultrastruktur flagela. Selain mikrotubulus pendukung normal atau axoneme, setiap flagela mengandung batang (disebut paraxonemal), yang memiliki struktur tubular pada satu flagela dan struktur kisi pada flagela lainnya. Berdasarkan hal ini, dua kelompok yang lebih kecil telah dimasukkan di sini: diplonemid dan Postgaardi.[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ T. Cavalier-Smith (1981). "Eukaryote Kingdoms: Seven or Nine?". BioSystems. 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. 
  2. ^ "Euglenozoa". Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. 
  3. ^ a b Patterson DJ (October 1999). "The Diversity of Eukaryotes". The American Naturalist. 154 (S4): S96–S124. doi:10.1086/303287. PMID 10527921. 
  4. ^ Dorrell RG, Smith AG (July 2011). "Do red and green make brown?: perspectives on plastid acquisitions within chromalveolates". Eukaryotic Cell. 10 (7): 856–868. doi:10.1128/EC.00326-10. PMC 3147421alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 21622904. 
  5. ^ Simpson AG (1997). "The Identity and Composition of Euglenozoa". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 148 (3): 318–328. doi:10.1016/s0003-9365(97)80012-7. 

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