在第三人稱代詞上也殘留下一些陰陽性變化。性用在生物上,一般是遵循生物學上的性變化;用在事物上,則根據社會歷史傳統變化(如“船”在英語中經常當作陰性看待)。He用來指代陽性名詞;she用來指代陰性名詞;it用來指代不確定性的名詞和非生物。普遍認為用“it”來形容人類既不禮貌又不符合語法(形容嬰兒時除外);一些英語使用者願意用“they”來指代性別不明或與語境無關的人,另一些人願意用稍稍複雜一些的“he or she”。這種場合很少會引起混淆,因為説話人想要表達的意思從語境中就能夠體現出來;另外在英語當中,尚有人發明了一些性別中立的代詞系統,如斯比瓦克代詞、xe/xem、ve/ver、ze/mer等,詳見英語性別中立代詞表(英语:Gender-neutral pronoun#Neologisms)。
英語的一個否定詞為not,not加在動詞前、助動詞之後,而否定句大多要加助動詞,若一個句子其相對應的肯定句形式沒有助動詞,則其否定句形式要在not前面加助動詞do或其詞形變化的形式,像Kirino likes her brother(意即「桐乃喜歡她的哥哥」)這句的否定句形式要變為Kirino does not like her brother(意即「桐乃不喜歡她的哥哥」),而非*Kirino not likes her brother之類的;同時英語的not常與助動詞縮略,像can not會縮略成cannot或can't、will not會縮略成won't、do not會縮略成don't、should not會縮略成shouldn't、is not會縮略成isn't等。
助動詞在動詞不定形或分詞形、動名詞形等前面是不使用的,在不定形中,not要加在to之前,因此to go的否定形為not to go;而going的否定形則為not going。
在英語中,關係子句置於其所修飾的名詞後,一般英語的關係子句藉由置於子句開頭的關係代名詞來標明,而有時亦僅僅藉由語序來標明。若關係代名詞在子句中為動詞受詞,它出現在子句的開頭,而非受詞在主句中慣常出現的位置,因此要表「桐乃是黑貓昨天遇見的那個女孩子」之意,在英語中用Kirino is the girl who(m) Kuroneko met yesterday,而非Kirino is the girl Kuroneko met who(m) yesterday。
若頭詞指稱的對象是人類,通常用who、whom或that等關係代名詞,如Kirino is the girl who met kuroneko yesterday(意即「桐乃是昨天遇見黑貓的那個女孩子」)、Kirino is the girl who(m) Kuroneko met yesterday(意即「桐乃是黑貓昨天遇見的那個女孩子」)和Kirino is the girl that Kuroneko met yesterday(意即「桐乃是黑貓昨天遇見的那個女孩子」)等句皆為其例;但當頭詞指稱的不是人類時,則只用that或which。
若頭詞指稱的對象非人類,且子句為非限制子句(Non-restrictive clause),則使用which,如The tree, which has fallen, is over there(意即「那棵倒下的樹在那裡」)即為其例;若頭詞指稱的對象非人類,且子句為限制子句(Restrictive clause),則that或which皆可使用(儘管有些規範語法要求限定子句的狀況必須使用that),如The tree which has fallen is over there(意即「那棵倒下的樹在那裡」)或The tree that has fallen is over there(意即「那棵倒下的樹在那裡」)即為其例。
在較正式的用法中,who用於頭詞在關係子句中的角色為主詞時(像Lily is the girl who met John yesterday(意即「Lily是昨天遇見John的那個女孩子」)這句就是其例子);而whom用於頭詞在關係子句中的角色為受詞或前帶介詞的詞時(像John is the girl whom Lily met yesterday(意即「Lily是John昨天遇見的那個女孩子」)和Lily is the girl with whom John frequently argues(意即「Lily是John常與之爭論的那個女孩子」)這兩句即為其例);但在非正式的用法中,whom常以who取代。
We saw two puppies this morning: one that was born yesterday, and one that was born last week. The one that was born yesterday is tiny.(意即「我們早上看見兩隻小狗,其中一隻昨天出生,另一隻上星期出生,昨天出生的那隻很小」,此句為限制關係子句,此處之that亦可改用which)
We saw a puppy and a kitty this morning. The puppy, which was born yesterday, was tiny.(意即「我們早上見到一隻小狗和一隻小貓,那隻小狗很小,牠是昨天出生的。」,此句為非限制關係子句)
並不是所有人都同意that做為關係代名詞的狀態的。傳統語法將that視為一關係代名詞,但並非所有的現代語法家都持同樣的看法,像劍橋英語語法(Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)就將that給視為一從句詞(subordinator)而非關係代名詞(pp. 1056–7);而英國國家語料庫(British National Corpus)則將that視為一子句連接詞,即使在其做為關係子句開頭時亦然。一個為that尋求不同解釋的動機在於that和which之間有一定的差異性存在(人們可說in which但不能說in that,其他像這樣的例子亦存在著)。
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