2023 Nigerian presidential election in Sokoto State
2023 Nigerian presidential election in Sokoto State Registered 2,172,056
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Sokoto State was held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria.[ 1] Other federal elections , including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate , were also held on the same date while state elections were held two weeks afterward on 11 March 2023.
Background
Sokoto State is a large northwestern state with agricultural and energy potential but facing a debilitated health sector, low education rates, and intense challenges in security as the nationwide kidnapping epidemic, bandit conflict , religious riots, and herder–farmer clashes have all heavily affected the state.
Politically, the 2019 elections were categorized as a swing back towards the PDP. Although Buhari won the state again (by 15%), Sokoto was the state that swung the most towards the PDP in the presidential election ; legislatively, the PDP held its one Senate seat after a court ruling and won four House of Representatives seats after the APC won all legislative seats in 2015. Statewise, incumbent Governor Aminu Tambuwal won re-election by about 300 votes while the APC won a narrow majority in the House of Assembly.
Polling
Polling organisation/client
Fieldwork date
Sample size
Others
Undecided
Undisclosed
Not voting
Tinubu APC
Obi LP
Kwankwaso NNPP
Abubakar PDP
BantuPage
December 2022
N/A
32%
4%
2%
30%
–
23%
5%
3%
Nextier (Sokoto crosstabs of national poll)
27 January 2023
N/A
18.2%
5.2%
9.1%
18.2%
–
6.5%
–
–
SBM Intelligence for EiE (Sokoto crosstabs of national poll)
22 January-6 February 2023
N/A
16%
38%
5%
23%
6%
11%
–
–
Projections
General election
Results
By senatorial district
The results of the election by senatorial district.
Senatorial District
Bola Tinubu APC
Atiku Abubakar PDP
Peter Obi LP
Rabiu Kwankwaso NNPP
Others
Total valid votes
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Sokoto East Senatorial District[ g]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Sokoto North Senatorial District[ h]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Sokoto South Senatorial District[ i]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Totals
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
By federal constituency
The results of the election by federal constituency.
Federal Constituency
Bola Tinubu APC
Atiku Abubakar PDP
Peter Obi LP
Rabiu Kwankwaso NNPP
Others
Total valid votes
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Binji/Silame Federal Constituency[ j]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Dange-Shuni/Bodinga/Tureta Federal Constituency[ k]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Goronyo/Gada Federal Constituency[ l]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Illela/Gwadabawa Federal Constituency[ m]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Isa/Sabon Birni Federal Constituency[ n]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Kebbe/Tambuwal Federal Constituency[ o]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Kware/Wamakko Federal Constituency[ p]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Sokoto North/Sokoto South Federal Constituency[ q]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Tangaza/Gudu Federal Constituency[ r]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Wurno/Rabah Federal Constituency[ s]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Yabo/Shagari Federal Constituency[ t]
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
Totals
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
By local government area
The results of the election by local government area.
Local government area
Bola Tinubu APC
Atiku Abubakar PDP
Peter Obi LP
Rabiu Kwankwaso NNPP
Others
Total valid votes
Turnout (%)
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Binji
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Bodinga
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Dange Shuni
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Gada
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Goronyo
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Gudu
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Gwadabawa
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Illela
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Isa
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Kebbe
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Kware
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Rabah
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Sabon Birni
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Shagari
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Silame
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Sokoto North
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Sokoto South
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Tambuwal
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Tangaza
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Tureta
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Wamako
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Wurno
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Yabo
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
Totals
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
TBD
%
See also
Notes
^ Africa Elects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as "Safe" for exceedingly likely, "Likely" for somewhat likely, and "Lean" for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as "tossups".
^ Dataphyte projections predict candidates' projected votal shares in each state.
^ EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.
^ SBM projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Too close to call" (TCC).
^ ThisDay projections predict candidates' projected votal shares in each state.
^ The Nation projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Battlegrounds."
^ Comprising the local government areas of Gada , Goronyo , Gwadabawa , Illela , Isa , Rabah , Sabon Birni , and Wurno .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Binji , Gudu , Kware , Silame , Sokoto North , Sokoto South , Tangaza , and Wamako .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Bodinga , Dange Shuni , Kebbe , Shagari , Tambuwal , Tureta , and Yabo .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Binji and Silame .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Bodinga , Dange Shuni , and Tureta .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Gada and Goronyo .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Gwadabawa and Illela .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Isa and Sabon Birni .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Kebbe and Tambuwal .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Kware and Wamako .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Sokoto North and Sokoto South .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Gudu and Tangaza .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Rabah and Wurno .
^ Comprising the local government areas of Shagari and Yabo .
References
^ Jimoh, Abbas (26 February 2022). "INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections" . Daily Trust . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
^ Elimian, Adrian. "Nigerian Presidential Election: State Ratings" . Africa Elects . Retrieved 25 February 2023 .
^ "President Tinubu: Predilections and Predictions" . Substack . Dataphyte . Retrieved 11 February 2023 .
^ "The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: It all hinges on insecurity and turnout" . SBM Intelligence . Retrieved 19 February 2023 .
^ "Projection: 2023 presidential elections" . SBM Intelligence . 15 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022 .
^ "THISDAY 2023 Election Centre: Why Presidential Run off is Increasingly Likely" . ThisDay . 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022 .
^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O’neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny. "Who wins 2023 presidential election?" . The Nation . Retrieved 19 February 2023 .
^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O’neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny (19 February 2023). "WHO WINS 2023 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? | The Nation Newspaper" . The Nation Newspaper . Retrieved 19 February 2023 .
Nigerian state and local elections
Abia
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2016 , 2020
Adamawa
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2008 , 2012 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2016 , 2019 , 2022
Akwa Ibom
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2012 , 2017 , 2020
Anambra
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2010 , 2013 , 2017 , 2021 , 2025
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2014 , 2022
Bauchi
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2020
Bendel (defunct) Bayelsa
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2008 , 2012 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2013 , 2019
Benue
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2012 , 2017 , 2020
Borno
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2020
Cross River
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2008 , 2012 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2010 , 2013 , 2020
Delta
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , Jan. 2011 , Apr. 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2014 , 2018 , 2021
Ebonyi
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2010 , 2013 , 2020
Edo
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2012 , 2016 , 2020 , 2024
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2013 , 2018
Ekiti
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2009 , 2014 , 2018 , 2022
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2017 , 2019 , 2021
Enugu
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2009 , 2011 , 2013 , 2017 , 2020 , 2022
FCT
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2010 , 2013 , 2016 , 2019 , 2022
Gongola (defunct) Gombe
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2013 , 2017 , 2020
Imo
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2024
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2010 , 2018 , 2022
Jigawa
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2010 , 2014 , 2017 , 2019 , 2021
Kaduna
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2018 , 2021
Kano
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2014 , 2018 , 2021
Katsina
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2014
Kebbi
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2012 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2017 , 2019 , 2022
Kogi
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2008 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2013 , 2020
Kwara
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2010 , 2013 , 2017
Lagos
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2011 , 2017 , 2021
Nasarawa
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2014 , 2018 , 2021
Niger
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2016 , 2019
Ogun
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2016 , 2021
Ondo
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2012 , 2016 , 2020 , 2024
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2016 , 2020
Osun
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2014 , 2018 , 2022
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2018
Oyo
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , May 2007 , Dec. 2007 , 2018 , 2021
Plateau
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2014 , 2018 , 2021
Rivers
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2015 , 2018 , 2021
Sokoto
Gub. : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2008 , 2007 , 2012 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1979 , 1983 , 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1987 , 1990 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2011 , 2016 , 2021
Taraba
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2007 , 2012 , 2017 , 2020
Yobe
Gub. : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1991 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2009 , 2013 , 2019 , 2021
Zamfara
Gub. : 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
HOA : 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2007 , 2011 , 2015 , 2019 , 2023
LGA : 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2016 , 2019