Gerakan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur (bahasa Uighur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان مۇستەقىللىق ھەرىكىتى, Hanzi: 东突厥斯坦独立运动) adalah seorang gerakan politik yang memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur, sebuah wilayah besar di Tiongkok barat laut, sebagai tanah air untuk suku Uighur, yang lebih dekat dengan bangsa Turkic ketimbang Sinitic (Tionghoa Han). Wilayah tersebut kini diurus sebagai subdivisi tingkat provinsi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dengan nama resmi Wilayah Otonomi Uighur Xinjiang. Dalam gerakan tersebut, terdapat dubungan besar agar wilayah tersebut bergnati nama, karena "Xinjiang" (artinya "garis depan baru" dalam bahasa Tionghoa) dipandang oleh para aktivis kemerdekaan sebagai nama kolonial. "Turkestan Timur" adalah nama paling paling banyak dicetuskan. "Uighurstan" adalah nama lainnya yang dicetuskan.
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