全球娛樂用大麻的法律地位
合法
违法但通常不强制执行
违法
法律地位不明
全球医疗用大麻的法律地位
合法,但需经医生授权
合法,适用于任何用途(无需处方)
违法
大麻 医疗用途 和娱乐用途 的合法性 因国家而异,且就持有、销售、种植、医用和个人使用等情况而有所不同。大多数国家的政策受到联合国 在1961年的《麻醉品单一公约 》、1971年的《精神药物公约 》和1988年的《禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约 》的影响。[ 1] [ 2]
大多数国家禁止将大麻用于娱乐目的。不过,有一些地区采取了除罪化 政策,使简单持有成为非刑事犯罪(通常类似于轻微的交通违规行为)。还有一些地区则采取严厉的处罚,例如在一些亚洲和中东国家,即使少量持有大麻也会被判监禁数年。[ 3] 娱乐性大麻合法化的地域有如德國 、加拿大 、格鲁吉亚 、馬爾他 、泰國 、墨西哥 、盧森堡 、南非 和乌拉圭 ,以及美国 的9个州和华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 。[ 4] [ 5]
使大麻的医疗用途合法化的国家包括澳大利亚 、加拿大 、新西兰 、智利 、哥伦比亚 、德国 、希腊 、以色列 、意大利 、荷兰 、秘鲁 、波兰 、英国 和乌拉圭 。另一些地方则有更多限制性法律,只允许使用某些大麻素药物,如Sativex 或Marinol 。在美国,31个州和哥伦比亚特区已将大麻的医疗用途合法化,但在联邦一级,大麻仍被禁止用于任何目的。
各地情况
参见
参考资料
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