原住民的人口增长速度是国家本身的人口增长速度的两倍,而在2006年加拿大约有4%的人口称他们拥有原住民身份,另外有16.2%的人口属于非原住民的有色人种少数裔[177]。2006年,那些有色人种少数裔群被定義得十分廣泛,包括有南亚裔加拿大人(英语:South Asian Canadian),华裔加拿大人,黑人,拉美人等。2001年至2006年,加拿大的有色人种少数裔的人口增长27.2%[178]。在1961年,只有不到2%的加拿大人(约30万人)可被列为少数族裔,和不到1%的人口是原住民[179]。在2007年,近五分之一(19.8%)的人口都在外国出生,其中有近60%的新移民是来自亚洲(包括中东地区)[180]。该国的移民主要是来自中国,菲律宾和印度[181]。現有华裔約171万,根据加拿大统计局的数字,在2031年加拿大的有色人种少数裔群将会占其总人口的三分之一[182],這將會跟今日的美國相似。
加拿大的教育(英语:Education in Canada)是由各省和地区分开负责。加拿大的强制入学年龄為5-7岁至16-18歲[191],使其有约99%的成人识字率[79]。截至2011年,在25至64岁的成年人中有约88%的人已获得高中学历,相比于经济合作与发展组织的平均水平(74%)高[192]。2002年,在25至64岁的加拿大人中有约43%的人拥有大专学历,而在25至34岁的人中有约51%的人拥有大专学历[193]。根据全国广播公司在2012年的报告,加拿大是世界上教育程度最高的国家[194]。国际学生能力评估计划显示加拿大学生的水准远高于经济合作与发展组织的平均水平,特别是在数学、物理、科学和阅读范畴。[195][196]
^ 2.02.1Hail, M; Lange, S. Federalism and Representation in the Theory of the Founding Fathers: A Comparative Study of US and Canadian Constitutional Thought. Publius: the Journal of Federalism. 2010-02-25, 40 (3): 366–388. ISSN 0048-5950. doi:10.1093/publius/pjq001.
^ 14.014.1Maura, Juan Francisco. Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de la toponimia ibérica en la América Septentrional en el siglo XVI. Bulletin of Spanish Studies. 2009, 86 (5): 577–603. doi:10.1080/14753820902969345.
^ 17.017.117.217.3Buckner, Philip (编). Canada and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. 2008: 37–40, 56–59, 114, 124–125. ISBN 978-0-19-927164-1.
^Center for Archaeological Sciences Norman Herz Professor of Geology and Director; Society of Archaelogical Sciences both at University of Georgia Ervan G. Garrison Associate Professor of Anthropology and Geology and President. Geological Methods for Archaeology. Oxford University Press. 1997: 125 [2014-03-06]. ISBN 978-0-19-802511-5. (原始内容存档于2017-01-27).
^ 25.025.1Thornton, Russell. Population history of Native North Americans. Haines, Michael R; Steckel, Richard Hall (编). A population history of North America. Cambridge University Press. 2000: 13, 380. ISBN 978-0-521-49666-7.
^What to Search: Topics. Ethno-Cultural and Aboriginal Groups. Library and Archives Canada. 2005-05-27 [2011-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-05).
^Tanner, Adrian. 3. Innu-Inuit 'Warfare'. Innu Culture. Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland. 1999 [2011-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-21).
^Allaire, Gratien. From "Nouvelle-France" to "Francophonie canadienne": a historical survey. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2007-05, 2007 (185): 25–52. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2007.024.
^Hicks, Bruce M. Use of Non-Traditional Evidence: A Case Study Using Heraldry to Examine Competing Theories for Canada's Confederation. British Journal of Canadian Studies. 2010-03, 23 (1): 87–117. doi:10.3828/bjcs.2010.5.
^Romney, Paul. From Constitutionalism to Legalism: Trial by Jury, Responsible Government, and the Rule of Law in the Canadian Political Culture. Law and History Review (University of Illinois Press). Spring 1989, 7 (1): 128. doi:10.2307/743779.
^Evenden, Leonard J; Turbeville, Daniel E. The Pacific Coast Borderland and Frontier. Janelle, Donald G (编). Geographical snapshots of North America. Guilford Press. 1992: 52. ISBN 978-0-89862-030-6.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Haglund, David G; MacFarlane, S Neil. Security, strategy and the global economics of defence production. McGill-Queen's University Press. 1999: 12. ISBN 978-0-88911-875-1.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Mulvale, James P. Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility. Basic Income Studies. 2008-07-11, 3 (1). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1084.
^Landry, Rodrigue; Forgues, Éric. Official language minorities in Canada: an introduction. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2007-05, 2007 (185): 1–9. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2007.022.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Légaré, André. Canada's Experiment with Aboriginal Self-Determination in Nunavut: From Vision to Illusion. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights. 2008, 15 (2–3): 335–367. doi:10.1163/157181108X332659.
^Munroe, HD. The October Crisis Revisited: Counterterrorism as Strategic Choice, Political Result, and Organizational Practice. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2009, 21 (2): 288–305. doi:10.1080/09546550902765623.
^UNPROFOR. Royal Canadian Dragoons. [2012-10-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-14).
^Jockel, Joseph T; Sokolsky, Joel B. Canada and the war in Afghanistan: NATO's odd man out steps forward. Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 2008, 6 (1): 100–115. doi:10.1080/14794010801917212.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Numbered Treaty Overview. Canadiana.org (Formerly Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions). Canada in the Making. [2009-11-16]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-13). The Numbered Treaties - also called the Land Cession or Post-Confederation Treaties - were signed between 1871 and 1921, and granted the federal government large tracts of land throughout the Prairies, Canadian North and Northwestern Ontario for white settlement and industrial use. In exchange for the land, Canada promised to give the Aboriginal peoples various items: cash, blankets, tools, farming supplies, and so on. The impact of these treaties can be still felt in modern times.
^World proven crude oil reserves by country, 1960–2011. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 2012 [2014-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-05). Oil & Gas Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes 5.392 billion barrels (857,300,000 m3) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 173.2 billion barrels (2.754×1010 m3) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by EIA
^ 143.0143.1Britton, John NH. Canada and the Global Economy: The Geography of Structural and Technological Change. McGill-Queen's University Press. 1996: 26–27, 155–163. ISBN 978-0-7735-1356-3.
^Morck, Randall; Tian, Gloria; Yeung, Bernard. Who owns whom? Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada. Eden, Lorraine; Dobson, Wendy (编). Governance, multinationals, and growth. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2005: 50 [2012-07-22]. ISBN 978-1-84376-909-5. (原始内容存档于2020-12-04).引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Hale, Geoffrey. The Dog That Hasn't Barked: The Political Economy of Contemporary Debates on Canadian Foreign Investment Policies. Canadian Journal of Political Science. 2008-10, 41 (3): 719–747. doi:10.1017/S0008423908080785.
^Bourhis, Richard Y; Montaruli, Elisa; Amiot, Catherine E. Language planning and French-English bilingual communication: Montreal field studies from 1977 to 1997. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2007-05, 2007 (185): 187–224. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2007.031.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Brock, Richard. Envoicing Silent Objects: Art and Literature at the Site of the Canadian Landscape. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education. 2008, 13 (2): 50–61.
^Hill, Charles C. The Group of Seven – Art for a Nation. National Gallery of Canada. 1995: 15–21, 195. ISBN 978-0-7710-6716-7.
Theatrical program This article is about the specific Shakespeare in the Park presentation in New York City. For a general overview of the program and performances in other cities, see Shakespeare in the Park. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Shakespeare in the Park in July 2021. The produ…
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يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2022) عمليات تزوير يورانيوم النيجر هي وثائق مزورة صدرت في عام 2001 عن هيئة الاستخبارات الإيطالية، يبدو أنها…
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