助聽器

助聽器聽力障礙者使用的輔助工具,用來補足聽力損傷所造成的缺陷。

種類

耳掛型助聽器
隱形耳掛型助聽器
助聽器

目前助聽器已從傳統的類比式發展至電腦程式化的數位式助聽器,可依外型分為下列幾類:

  • 耳掛型BTE (Behind-The-Ear)
機身掛在耳朵後面,聲音的輸出靠極細導管連接耳塞,提供較大功率之聲音增益。機器可調整且聽力範圍較廣,適用輕,中,重到極重度聽力損失者。
  • 隱形耳掛型(Receiver-In-Ear, RIE)
機器掛在耳朵後上方,助聽器的接收器位於耳塞處,故機身較耳掛型更小。適合輕度至中度聽力損失者,隱形輕薄,造型美觀。
  • 客製式內耳型: 依機體以及聲音輸出功率由小到大共分為四種:
  • 深耳道型遙控麥克風CIC(Complete-In-The-Canal&Remote Mic)
麥克風置外耳廓以導管連接機身。適合輕度到中度聽損者。機殼根據使用者的耳形量身訂做,完全符合每個人的耳型,配戴舒適,隱形美觀。
  • 深耳道型CIC(Complete-In-The-Canal)
客製深耳道型助聽器於1990年代進入市場,體積極度隱形,適合輕度到中重度聽損程度者。機殼根據使用者的耳形量身訂做,完全符合每個人的耳型,配戴舒適,隱形美觀。
  • 耳道型ITC(In-The-Canel)
體積微小隱形,適合輕度到中重度聽損程度者。機殼根據使用者的耳形量身訂做,完全符合每個人的耳型。
  • 耳內型ITE(In-The-Ear)
體積隱形,適合中度到中重度聽損程度者。機殼根據使用者的耳形量身訂做,完全符合每個人的耳型。
  • 口袋型助聽器(Body-Worn)
最早發明之助聽器機種,盒式,外觀近似MP3多媒體音樂播放器,可放置於口袋,透過一條耳機線或雙耳Y形線,將聲音輸出送至耳機頭,機器原理類似於一個較精密的放大器。口袋形助聽器提供超大功率輸出,適合行動不便,眼力較為退化的銀髮族,並可由家人朋友代買。

依照運作原理分類

較早期助聽器主流,運作方式是把聲音轉成電子訊號以類比式電路放大,再重新以聲音輸出,早期電腦體積龐大,較難製成小體積的助聽器,故以類比方式為主,缺點是無法處理雜音且聲音過大較易失真。
1990年代中後期開始出現市面,隨著電腦科技進步而出現,運作方式是將聲音轉換成數位訊號,用微電腦進行聲音訊號處理,例如增幅、降低雜音、加強聲音焦點等,再以聲音輸出,相較於類比式助聽器的優點是不易失真,且可以進行多元化的聲音處理,是現在助聽器的主流。
內建深度神經網絡(Deep Neural Network;DNN)透過在1200萬個真實聲音場景中學習,所開發出的嶄新技術。這個內建在助聽器中的AI智能,能確保每個聲音都能更細緻和清晰被還原與傳遞。。

有效性

有使用助聽器的聾人及弱聽人士指出,助聽器不能夠百分之百完全聽得清楚,亦指出很多人誤以為戴上助聽器便與一般人無異。

香港

深度弱聽的陳紀尤指出,即使戴上助聽器亦只能聽到少許聲音,須口語、手語並用才能跟人溝通。她就讀小學時接受融合教育,目前香港政府有提供聾生專用耳機作輔助,亦有撥款供有關學校為聾生提供語言訓練,但耳機對深度弱聽的陳紀尤幫助不大,很多時候還是聽得不太清楚,嚴重影響學習。幸好她獲得「賽馬會手語雙語共融教育計劃」的協助,專門有一名聾人老師從旁協助聽課,情況得以改善[1][2]

此外,天生深度弱聽的曾嘉茵指出,由於聽力不佳,結果默書零分。她指出自己說話及發音大致正常,以前學校的老師誤以為聾生戴上助聽器便與一般人無異,但每當老師背向學生,或聾生要邊抄邊聽,看不到口形,聽課便會十分困難。最後,曾嘉茵轉校往有參與「賽馬會手語雙語共融教育計劃」的樂道中學重讀中一。上課時聾人老師會坐在聾生附近,艱深的內容會輔以手語重新講述,又在課後為聾生補課,她最終考獲全班頭數名[3]

台灣

手語雙語閱讀繪本教學計劃的主持人劉秀丹指出,就算科技再進步,助聽器或人工耳蝸都不能夠讓聾生完全聽懂。透過手語的輔助,可以幫助聾童瞭解別人的說話[4]

參見

參考

  1. ^ 政府仍只供耳機 深度聽障學習難. 文匯報 (香港). 2015-11-03 [2015-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-25) (中文(香港)). 
  2. ^ 手語千尋 雙語待共融. 都市日報. 2015-11-03 [2015-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02) (中文(香港)). 
  3. ^ 中學收5聾童 聚資源聘手語助教. 明報. 2014-12-29 [2015-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-05) (中文(香港)). 
  4. ^ 台灣聽障雙語教育 首次在國小試辦. 公視手語新聞. 2014-01-15 [2015-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-28) (中文(臺灣)). 

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