With the technology process scaling, leakage power dissipation is becoming a growing number of percentage in total power dissipation. This study presents a new method in the gate-length biasing technique to achieve a cost-effective gate-length with a most benefit between leakage reduction and delay increasing. With the optimized gate-length, typical combinational and sequential circuits are realized and simulated using HSPICE with the BSIM4.6.4 predictive models at a 45nm COMS process. The results show that leakage currents of typical combinational circuits reduce more and delay increase less.…
In order to improve the attitude accuracy, the thesis establishes the all-attitude integrated BDS/INS navigation nonlinear system model based on the position, velocity, attitude by adding the BDS?s attitude measurement information into the measurement equation of the traditional BDS/INS integrated navigation nonlinear system model. Considering the problem that the dynamic navigation system model is difficult to accurately describe the complex navigation environment, the thesis improves the dynamic characteristics of the information distribution of the federal filter algorithm which could timel…
This paper investigates a multistage batch arrival queue with different server interruptions and a second server replaces the main server during the interruptions. The different server interruptions are assumed to be: multiple vacation, extended vacation, breakdown with delay time and server under two phases of repair. Customers are assumed to arrive in batches according to Poisson process and a single server provides service to the customers. When the main server is inactive due to the interruptions, stand-by server provide service to the arrivals. In addition, customers may renege during ser…
In this paper, a compact 2×4 microstrip antenna (MSA) array is presented and the effect of inserting shorting wall is optimized with the help of artificial neural network (ANN). An ANN model has been developed for predicting the resonant frequencies with the variation of the height of substrate and shorting wall position. For validation of ANN output, a prototype of 2×4 MSA array is physically fabricated and tested. This validation verifies the proposed antenna for which simulated and ANN results are approximately similar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3.7089
The control augmentation systems are very important to keep the stability and manipulability in the flight control systems. The general flight control laws are designed by static designs and dynamic fits. To improve the adaptive capability, a new method of control laws design was introduced by using dynamic optimization genetic algorithms. The control parameters were adjusted online in the flight envelope. The dynamic optimization model was built for aircraft lateral control augmentation function. The control parameters were regulated by dynamic optimization genetic algorithms. Finally an exam…
As conventional methods deal with channel estimation and synchronization separately, they can?t achieve the best performances because the unknown parameters will interfere with each other. Besides, the convergence speed is slow using expectation maximization algorithm. Thus in this paper, we propose a joint synchronization and channel estimation method in MIMO-OFDM systems. The algorithm achieves coarse estimation by using a preamble. Then by combining this algorithm with SAGE algorithm and using joint iteration technology, time-frequency synchronization and channel estimation is achieved. Con…
The continuously increasing demand for control on electric power equipment has led to the rapid technological development in various applications such as renewable energy, electric drives, and communication. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching is an important technique to control the output voltage. PWM signals can either be generated using digital controller or analog controller. Digital controllers are widely used to generate PWM signals due to their reliability in solving complex algorithms within short amount of time. Multiphase boost converter is capable to overcome high input current …
Enzim fitase yang dipersiapkan dari kacang hijau yang telah mengalami perendaman, dalam air selama 12 jam pada suhu kamar, diekstraksi dengan 2% CaC12 dan diendapkan dengan menggunakan (NH4)2SO4. Enzim fitase yang terdapat dalam endapan protein tidak dilakukan pemurnian lebih lanjut. Hasil pengujian aktivitas enzim fitase pada suhu 50oC menunjukkan bahwa pH optimum fitase 5,0. Nilai aktivitas fitase pada kondisi tersebut adalah 0,05 IU dengan substrat 3% larutan tepung kacang hijau dan 0,076 IU dengan substrat 6% larutan tepung kacang hijau. Dari hasil pengamatan ini, yaitu suhu 50oC dan pH ai…
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Black cincau (Mesona palustris) gel is made traditionally by boiling a mixture containing the alkaline extract of the herb and starch followed by cooling to room temperature. In this study, herb extraction time and boiling time of the mixed stuff were optimized based on the smallest degree of syneresis of the gel following cold storage. The alkaline solutions use were solution of qi (traditional alkali) ash and of NaOH at pH 11 and the starches were of tapioca, aren (Arenga pinata) and sago. Effects, of type of alkaline solutions and different starches on the characteristics of gel were also s…
"Resistant starch (=RS)" is defined as the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. The presence of RS can be influenced by some factors including processing, the type of starch (amylase or amylopectin), the physical state of the starch (degree of hydration, particle size) and the presence of other components (i.e. lipids and fiber). in the large intestine, RS is fermented (as dietary fiber) by anaerobic bacteria. The major end product of fermentation are Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs: acetate, propionate and butyrate) and ga…
Inventory management is a general problem in manufactures, service companies, government institutions included feedmill distributor. Inventory policy in those institutions are determined by several objectives which the main are minimizing the total cost or investment inventory, the consumer satisfaction and maximizing the output efficiency. Structural problems related with feedmill inventory consists of total cost inventory, order quantity and reorder point. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is one of tools in order to solve problems above, in detail this tool is used to optimize feedmill in…
Bleaching sago starch was conducted by using Ca002 and NaOCI ranging from 0.00-1.00% with continuous mixing. The use of CaOCl2 at 0.75% gave whitest starch, therefore bleaching using this method was adopted to produce starch for further treatment.The bleached starch was subjected to cross-linking using POCE3 ranging from 0.000-0.025%. Degree .of substitution of the modified starch were 0.0000-0.0018. Higher POCl3 addition resulted higher degree of substitution, with consequences of higher temperature of gelatinization, higher stability of the pastes and higher viscosity of the gels. The cross-…
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The problem faced by the flooded rice field are the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the toxic of Fe, Mn, Al, and Bo to plant. When the puddled soil are dried the structure of soil becomes massive. Hard consistency caused the roots of crop do not able to penetrate the soil. To overcome those problems, the research of the addition' of organic matter into the soil under various method of irrigation was conducted. The experimental design strip split plot design was used. The treatments were the method of irrigatiOn as horizontal factor (a), duration of organic matter incorporated…
The knowledge based of expert system for comprehension of forage crops and utilization on pasture system could be extracted from domain experts and established literatures for preparing an expert system skeleton. This system was developed by CLIPS program. The skeleton of the expert system is divided into four main parts; information, pasture management and prediction. The introduction part will help user to get general information of forage crops and the important environmental factors of many processes so that user can understand the process components in pasture establishment. The pasture m…
Handling and processing of agricultural products mostly consist of heat transfer. Commonly the heat process of agricultural products is conducted in closed systems with air forced circulation. The process of heat transfer is significantly controlled by the values of the coefficient of surface heat transfer. Therefore the objectives of the research were to determine the pertinent parameters affecting the coefficient of heat transfer of sphere in forced air circulation and then to develop the mathematical relationship of those parameters. The mathematical relationship was determined using dimens…
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) may cause severe morbidity and mortality and remains a major health problem worldwide. The incidence of CSOM in Indonesia (1994-1996) is estimated at about 8.36 million people and CSOM general prevalence is 3.8% (Helmi 2005). This study aims to prove the existence of bacterial biofilm in patients with safe type and hazard type CSOM from mastoidectomy. The design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. This study was conducted at the Teratai Wards, IBP Dr. Soetomo Hospital, and Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga Uni…
Pneumonia is an acute infection disease which remains the main killer of children under 5 years old worldwide. Based on Unicefâs report, 17% of all children death is caused by pneumonia. Indonesia was in 10th position of the highest incidence of pneumonia and diarrhea which caused the death of children under 5 years old in 2013. In Gane Luar Public Health Center, there were at least 3 patients with pneumonia every month during 2014. The risk factors are less exclusive breastfeeding, malnutrition, low birth weight, less coverage of measles vaccine, indoor air pollution, and the high level …
Infection often occurs in children with malignant hematology and causes morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics should be given based on the results of culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Ampicillin Sulbactam is a first-line drug in children with infection. The purpose of this study was to obtain an objective overview of Ampicillin Sulbactam resistance patterns of culture in patients hospitalized in pediatric Hemato-Oncology Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This was a descriptive study. Data on culture and susceptibility test result to Ampicillin Sulbactam were taken from medical reco…