George Rooke

Admiral Sir George Rooke
Karya Michael Dahl, dilukis c. 1705
Lahir1650
St Lawrence, Canterbury, Kent
Meninggal24 Januari 1709(1709-01-24) (umur 59)
St Lawrence, Canterbury, Kent
PengabdianInggris, Britania Raya
Dinas/cabangAngkatan Laut Kerajaan
Lama dinas1672 - 1705
PangkatLaksamana Armada

Laksamana Armada Sir George Rooke (1650 – 24 Januari 1709) adalah seorang komandan Angkatan Laut Inggris. Ia dikenal atas jasanya dalam peperangan melawan Prancis dan saat ini diperingati atas kemenangannya di Teluk Vigo dan menaklukkan Gibraltar untuk Britania pada tahun 1704.

Kehidupan awal

Sir George Rooke oleh Michael Dahl.

Rooke lahir di St Lawrence, dekat Canterbury tahun 1650.[1] Masuk Angkatan Laut sebagai relawan pada tahun 1672, ia berdinas di Peperangan Belanda dan menjadi kapten pos pada tahun 1673.[1]

Ia menjadi Laksamana Muda tahun 1690 dan berperang di Pertempuran Beachy Head.[1]

Pada bulan Mei 1692 ia berperang di bawah pimpinan Russell pada Pertempuran Barfleur, dan sukses melancarkan serangan malam terhadap armada Prancis di La Hogue, saat ia berhasil membakar dua belas kapal mereka.[1] Ia diberi gelar kesatria karena aksi-aksinya.[1]

Tahun 1693 ia memimpin konvoi Smyrna, yang terpecah-pecah dan ditaklukkan oleh Laksamana Prancis Tourville dekat Lagos Bay.[1]
Tahun 1696, ia ditunjuk sebagai Laksamana Armada. Sampai Perdamaian Rijswijk (1697), ia terus berdinas di Selat Inggris dan Mediterania. Ia memimpin Skadron Inggris-Belanda yang menyerang Kopenhagen bersamaan dengan armada Swedia di bawah Laksamana Jenderal Hans Wachtmeister pada tahun 1700, yang memfasilitasi pendaratan Raja Charles XII dari Swedia dan pasukannya di Denmark pada fase pembuka Perang Utara Besar.[1]

Perang Suksesi Spanyol

Dengan dimulainya Perang Suksesi Spanyol tahun 1702, ia memimpin ekspedisi sekutu yang gagal menghadapi Cádiz, tetapi pada pelayaran pulan berhasil menghancurkan armada harta Spanyol pada Pertempuran Teluk Vigo, yang memberinya pengakuan dari Parlemen.[1]

Ia memimpin pasukan laut sekutu dalam penaklukan Gibraltar pada bulan Juli 1704,[1] dan menjadi Gubernur Militer Gibraltar mulai 24 Juli sampai 4 Agustus.

Pada tanggal 13 Agustus 1704, ia menyerang armada Prancis di lepas pantai Málaga. Pertempuran terjadi secara taktis, tetapi berhasil mendukung sekutu secara strategis di Gibraltar.[1] Karena masalah kesehatan, ia pensiun pada bulan Februari 1705 dan pulang ke rumahnya di St Lawrence dekat Canterbury tempat ia meninggal dunia.[1]

Sebuah patung didirikan untuk menghormati Rooke di Gibraltar tahun 2004 pada perayaan ulang tahun kota ke-300.

Referensi

Rujukan

Atribusi

Bahan bacaan

Rooke, Sir George (1897). The Journal of Sir George Rooke. London: Publications of the Navy Records Society. 

Jabatan militer
Didahului oleh:
Edward Russell
Laksamana Armada
1696–1705
Diteruskan oleh:
Sir Cloudesley Shovell
Jabatan pemerintahan
Didahului oleh:
None
Gubernur Gibraltar
1704
Diteruskan oleh:
Pangeran George dari Hesse-Darmstadt

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