Elam

Elam
Nama lainElamit, Susiana
Jangkauan
geografis
Iran
PeriodePra-Iran
Tanggal3200 BC - 539 BC
Didahului olehProto-Elam
Diikuti olehAchemenides

Elam adalah peradaban kuno yang terletak di Iran barat daya. Elam berpusat di barat jauh dan barat daya Iran, membentang mulai dari dataran rendah Khuzestan Bakhtiari dan provinsi Ilam, selain juga sebagian kecil Irak selatan. Nama "Elam" berasal dari bahasa Ibrani. Dalam bahasa lainnya antara lain disebut elam(a) (bahasa Sumeria), elamtu (bahasa Akkadia), dan haltamti (bahasa Elam). Negara-negara Elam adalah termasuk wilayah politik yang maju di Timur Dekat Kuno.[1]

Terletak di sebelah timur Mesopotamia, Elam adalah bagian dari urbanisasi awal selama periode Kalkolitikum (Zaman Tembaga). Pada periode Elam Lama (Zaman Perunggu Awal), Elam terdiri dari beberapa kerajaan di dataran tinggi Iran, berpusat di Anshan, dan sejak pertengahan milenium ke-2 SM, peradaban Elam berpusat di Susan di dataran rendah Khuzestan.[2] Kebudayaannya banyak berpengaruh di Kekaisaran Guti, juga di Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah. Ketika itu bahasa Elam menjadi salah satu bahasa resmi. Bahasa Elam sendiri digolongkan sebagai bahasa terisolasi.

Referensi

  1. ^ Elam: surveys of political history and archaeology, Elizabeth Carter and Matthew W. Stolper, University of California Press, 1984, hlm. 3
  2. ^ Elam: surveys of political history and archaeology, Elizabeth Carter and Matthew W. Stolper, University of California Press, 1984, hlm. 4

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