Dinasti Afshariyah (bahasa Persia: افشاریان) adalah dinasti yang menguasai Iran pada pertengahan abad ke-18. Dinasti ini didirikan pada tahun 1736 oleh Nader Shah setelah ia berhasil menjatuhkan anggota terakhir Dinasti Safawiyah dan memproklamirkan dirinya sebagai Shah Iran. Pada masa kekuasaan Nader Shah, Dinasti Afshariyah menguasai wilayah Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, sebagian wilayah Kaukasus Utara (Dagestan), Afganistan, Bahrain, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, dan sebagian wilayah Irak, Turki, dan Oman. Setelah kematian Nader Shah, wilayah kekaisarannya terpecah dan jatuh ke tangan Dinasti Zand, Durrani, Georgia, dan Kekhanan Kaukasus, sementara kekuasaan Afshariyah terbatas di daerah yang kecil di Khorasan. Pada akhirnya, dinasti ini dijatuhkan oleh Mohammad Khan Qajar pada tahun 1796.
Anggota dinasti ini berasal dari suku Afshar (yang merupakan suku dengan latar belakang suku bangsa Turk) di wilayah Khorasan.[5] Suku Afshar datang dari kawasan Turkestan ke Azerbaijan pada abad ke-13. Pada awal abad ke-17, Abbas I memindahkan orang-orang Afshar dari Azerbaijan ke Khorasan untuk mempertahankan perbatasan timur laut dari serangan orang-orang Uzbek.
Catatan kaki
- ^ Katouzian, Homa (2003). Iranian History and Politics. Routledge. hlm. 128. ISBN 0-415-29754-0.
Indeed, since the formation of the Ghaznavids state in the tenth century until the fall of Qajars at the beginning of the twentieth century, most parts of the Iranian cultural regions were ruled by Turkic-speaking dynasties most of the time. At the same time, the official language was Persian, the court literature was in Persian, and most of the chancellors, ministers, and mandarins were Persian speakers of the highest learning and ability.
- ^ "HISTORIOGRAPHY vii. AFSHARID AND ZAND PERIODS – Encyclopaedia Iranica".
Afsharid and Zand court histories largely followed Safavid models in their structure and language, but departed from long-established historiographical conventions in small but meaningful ways.
- ^ Axworthy, Michael (2006). The Sword of Persia. I.B. Tauris. hlm. 5, 45, 70, 80, 157, 279. ISBN 1-84511-982-7.
- ^ علیاصغر شمیم، ایران در دوره سلطنت قاجار، تهران: انتشارات علمی، ۱۳۷۱، ص ۲۸۷
- ^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), hlm. 17–19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part ethnically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older. But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."
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