zh %E5%9B%9B%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%93%B5%E7%9B%90

四乙基铵阳离子
	IUPAC名; N,N,N-Triethylethanaminium
别名	Tetraethylazanium
识别
CAS号	66-40-0
PubChem	5413
ChemSpider	5220
SMILES	CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC;
InChI	1/C8H20N/c1-5-9(6-2,7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3/q+1;
InChIKey	CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYAM
ChEBI	44296
IUPHAR配体	2343
性质
化学式	C8H20N+
摩尔质量	130.25 g·mol⁻¹
相关物质
其他阳离子	四甲基铵盐; 四丁基铵盐
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

四乙基铵阳离子 ，化学式N(C
2H
5)+
4或NEt+
4，是一种季铵阳离子，由四个乙基和氮阳离子组成。四乙基铵盐则是四乙基铵阳离子形成的盐。它是研究实验室中用来制备无机离子脂质盐的一种平衡离子。它的用处类似四丁基铵盐（英语：tetrabutylammonium），不过四乙基铵盐的亲脂性更低，更易结晶。

制备

四乙基氯化铵可以由三乙胺和氯乙烷反应而成。

Et₃N + EtX → Et₄N⁺X⁻

这个方法对四乙基碘化铵 (X = I)也适用。^[1]

大部分四乙基铵盐都是由复分解反应制备的。举个例子，四乙基高氯酸铵是由可溶的四乙基溴化铵和高氯酸钠在水中反应，形成不溶的四乙基高氯酸铵沉淀而成的：^[2]

Et₄N⁺Br⁻ + Na⁺[ClO₄]⁻ → Na⁺Br⁻ + Et₄N⁺[ClO₄]⁻

其它例子包括四乙基氰化铵 (Et₄NCN)^[3]和三氯合锡(II)酸四乙基铵 (Et₄NSnCl₃)。^[4]在某些情况下，阴离子是不能在水中产生的，像是四面体型的 [NiCl₄]²⁻。^[5]

性质

四乙基铵阳离子的有效半径是 ~0.45 nm，可以和水合的 K⁺ 离子比较。^[6]四乙基铵阳离子的离子半径是 0.385 nm，而这个离子的多个热力学参数已被记录。^[7]^[8]

用处

四甲基铵盐的主要化学特征是它们能够参与涉及相转移的过程，例如相转移催化剂。^[9]

四乙基氟硼酸铵和四乙基甲磺酸铵可以用作双电层电容器的有机电解质。^[10]

四乙基卤化铵和四乙基氢氧化铵可以用来制造沸石。^[11]

参见

参考资料

^ A. A. Vernon and J. L. Sheard (1948). "The solubility of tetraethylammonium iodide in benzene-ethylene dichloride mixtures." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 2035-2036.
^ I. M. Kolthoff and J. F. Coetzee (1957). "Polarography in acetonitrile. I. Metal ions which have comparable polarographic properties in acetonitrile and in water." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 870-874.
^ R. L. Dieck, E. J. Peterson, A. Galliart, T. M. Brown, T. Moeller "Tetraethylammonium, Tetraphenylarsonium, and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides" Inorganic Syntheses, 1976, Vol. 16, pp. 131–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch36
^ G. W. Parshall "Tetraethylammonium Trichlorogermanate(1−) and Trichlorostannate(1−)" Inorganic Syntheses, 1974, Vol. 15, pp. 222–225. doi:10.1002/9780470132463.ch48
^ Naida S. Gill, F. B. Taylor "Tetrahalo Complexes of Dipositive Metals in the First Transition Series" Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Vol. 9, pp. 136–142. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch37
^ C. M. Armstrong (1971). "Interaction of tetraethylammonium ion derivatives with the potassium channels of giant axons." J. Gen. Physiol. 58 413-437.
^ D. H. Aue, H. M. Webb and M. T. Bowers (1976). "A thermodynamic analysis of solvation effects on the basicities of alkylamines. An electrostatic analysis of substituent effects." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 318–329.
^ J. Palomo and P. N. Pintauro (2003). "Competitive absorption of quaternary ammonium and alkali metal cations into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane." J. Membrane Sci. 215 103-114.
^ C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta and M. Halpern (1994). "Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals, Applications, and Industrial Perspectives." Springer.
^ J. Huang, B. G. Sumpter and V. Meunier (2008). "A universal model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors applicable to diverse pore regimes, carbon materials, and electrolytes." Chem. Eur. J. 14 6614-6626.
^ US patent 5139759A,「Synthesis of zeolite beta」

[1] A. A. Vernon and J. L. Sheard (1948). "The solubility of tetraethylammonium iodide in benzene-ethylene dichloride mixtures." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 2035-2036.

[2] I. M. Kolthoff and J. F. Coetzee (1957). "Polarography in acetonitrile. I. Metal ions which have comparable polarographic properties in acetonitrile and in water." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 870-874.

[3] R. L. Dieck, E. J. Peterson, A. Galliart, T. M. Brown, T. Moeller "Tetraethylammonium, Tetraphenylarsonium, and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides" Inorganic Syntheses, 1976, Vol. 16, pp. 131–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch36

[4] G. W. Parshall "Tetraethylammonium Trichlorogermanate(1−) and Trichlorostannate(1−)" Inorganic Syntheses, 1974, Vol. 15, pp. 222–225. doi:10.1002/9780470132463.ch48

[5] Naida S. Gill, F. B. Taylor "Tetrahalo Complexes of Dipositive Metals in the First Transition Series" Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Vol. 9, pp. 136–142. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch37

[Arm-6] C. M. Armstrong (1971). "Interaction of tetraethylammonium ion derivatives with the potassium channels of giant axons." J. Gen. Physiol. 58 413-437.

[7] D. H. Aue, H. M. Webb and M. T. Bowers (1976). "A thermodynamic analysis of solvation effects on the basicities of alkylamines. An electrostatic analysis of substituent effects." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 318–329.

[8] J. Palomo and P. N. Pintauro (2003). "Competitive absorption of quaternary ammonium and alkali metal cations into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane." J. Membrane Sci. 215 103-114.

[9] C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta and M. Halpern (1994). "Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals, Applications, and Industrial Perspectives." Springer.

[10] J. Huang, B. G. Sumpter and V. Meunier (2008). "A universal model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors applicable to diverse pore regimes, carbon materials, and electrolytes." Chem. Eur. J. 14 6614-6626.

[11] US patent 5139759A,「Synthesis of zeolite beta」

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]