In 1880, Plastilin (or Plasteline) was patented in Germany by Franz Kolb. It was further developed by Claude Chavant in 1892 and trademarked in 1927.[2] It is a form of modelling clay for use in building and sculpting.[3] It is a precursor of plasticine, which would become the favourite product for clay animators, as it did not dry and harden (unlike normal clay) and was much more malleable than its harder and greasier Italian predecessor plasteline.[4]
The Zoopraxiscope of Eadweard Muybridge was introduced in 1880 at the California School of Fine Arts.[5] Muybridge did project moving images from his photographs with his Zoopraxiscope, from 1880 to 1895, but these were painted on discs and his technique was no more advanced than similar earlier demonstrations (for instance those by Franz von Uchatius in 1853).[6] The first discs were painted on the glass in dark contours. Discs made between 1892 and 1894 had outlines drawn by Erwin Faber photographically printed on the disc and then colored by hand, but these discs were probably never used in Muybridge's lectures.[7]
May 15: Antonio Rubino, Italian animation director, cartoonist, illustrator, playwright, and screenwriter, (directed the animated films Paese dei Ranocchi (The Land of the Frogs) and I sette colori (The Seven Colors), contributor to the Disney comics magazine Topolino which featured the character of Mickey Mouse), (d. 1964).[17][18][19][20]
^Putman, Brenda, (1939). The Sculptor’s Way: A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture. Farrar & Rinehart, Inc, New York, p. 8
^Frierson, Michael (1993). "The Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures". Film History. 5 (2): 142–157. ISSN0892-2160. JSTOR27670717.
^Louise O'Konor, Viking Eggeling, 1880–1925, Artist and Filmmaker: Life and Work, translated by Catherine G. Sundström and Anne Libby, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell, 1971.