1871 in animation

Years in animation:	1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
Centuries:	18th century · 19th century · 20th century
Decades:	1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s
Years:	1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874

Events in 1871 in animation.

Events

• October 10: Thomas Ross received British Patent 2685 for an improved version of his small transparent phenakistiscope system, which was called Wheel of life. This version of the animation device had 13 images and a single slot shutter disc.[1][2]
• Specific date unknown: During the Siege of Paris (1870-1871) by the Prussian Army, the inventor René Dagron proposed to the French authorities to use his microfilming process to carry the messages by carrier pigeons across German lines.[3][4] Dagron photographed pages of newspapers in their entirety which he then converted into miniature photographs. He subsequently removed the collodion film from the glass base and rolled it tightly into a cylindrical shape which he then inserted into miniature tubes that were transported fastened to the tail feathers of the pigeons. Upon receipt the microphotograph was reattached to a glass frame and was then projected by magic lantern on the wall. The message contained in the microfilm could then be transcribed or copied.[5] By 28 January 1871, when Paris and the Government of National Defense surrendered, Dagron had delivered 115,000 messages to Paris by carrier pigeon.[6]

Births

September

• September 26 (estimated): Winsor McCay, Canadian-American animator, cartoonist, and vaudeville performer, (pioneered the animation techniques of inbetweening, registration marks, and cycling, directed the animated films Little Nemo, How a Mosquito Operates, Gertie the Dinosaur, The Sinking of the Lusitania, and The Centaurs), (d. 1934).[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

October

• October 17: Segundo de Chomón, Spanish film director, cinematographer, and screenwriter, (pioneer in the production of trick films, his films relied extensively on animation, a field in which he was a pioneer; he used animation techniques which were seldom used by his main competitor, Georges Méliès. His stop-motion film Sculpteur moderne featured heaps of clay molding themselves into detailed sculptures that were capable of minor movements.) (d. 1929).[16][17][18][19]

References

1. Herbert, Stephen. "Projection Phenakistoscope 1". www.stephenherbert.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
2. "Ross 'Wheel of Life' magic lantern slide". London: Science Museum Group. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
3. Newsletter of the Illinois State Archives & The Illinois State Historical Records Advory Board Archived 16 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Jesse White Secretary of State & State Archivist Volume 2 Number 1 Quote: "Despite Dancer’s early work, in 1859, Ree Dagron, a French optician, received the first patent for microfilm. Using Dancer’s techniques, Dagron manufactured and sold microphotograph trinkets. In 1870–71, during the Franco-Prussian War, Dagron demonstrated a practical use for microforms. During the siege of Paris, the French used carrier pigeons to transparrt microfilmed messages across German dices."
4. The Pigeon Post into Paris 1870–1871 by J.D. Hayhurst O.B.E. Prepared in digital format by Mark HayhurstmCopyright ©1970 John Hayhurst Quote: "He now proposed to Rampont that his process should be applied to pigeon messages and a contract was concluded on 11th November. "
5. The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science p. 94 By Michael R. Peres Contributor Michael R. Peres Published by Focal Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-240-80740-9
6. CHRONOLOGY OF MICROFILM DEVELOPMENTS 1800 – 1900 from UCLA
7. Canemaker 2005, p. 22.
8. Canemaker 2005, p. 160.
9. Bendazzi 1994, p. 16.
10. Canemaker 2005, p. 164.
11. Crafton 1993, p. 110; Canemaker 2005, p. 183.
12. Canemaker 2005, p. 195.
13. Canemaker 2005, pp. 197–198.
14. Canemaker 2005, p. 249.
15. Syracuse Herald staff 1934.
16. Europa Film Treasures: Les Kiriki, acrobates japonaises Archived 2012-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
17. Gartenberg Media DVD "Segundo De Chomón (1903–1912): El Cine de la Fantasia" [1]
18. Paghat the Ratgirl, Wild Realm Review: Films of Segundo de Chomón
19. "El escultor moderno - Vídeo Dailymotion". Dailymotion. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 2020-02-20.

Sources

• Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1994). Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-31168-9.
• Canemaker, John (2005). Winsor McCay: His Life and Art (Revised ed.). Abrams Books. ISBN 978-0-8109-5941-5.
• Crafton, Donald (1993). Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226116679.
• Syracuse Herald staff (July 27, 1934). "Winsor M'Cay Early Comic Artist, Dies". Syracuse Herald. p. 12.