Ultranasionalisme

Ultranasionalisme atau nasionalisme ekstrem adalah bentuk nasionalisme ekstrem yang dimana suatu negara menegaskan atau mempertahankan hegemoni, supremasi, atau bentuk kendali lain yang merugikan terhadap negara lain untuk mengejar kepentingan dan mempromosikan kepentingan satu negara atau masyarakat di atas segala hal, atau singkatnya pencurahan ekstrim terhadap negara orang itu sendiri.[1][2] Ultranasionalisme dipadukan dengan pernyataan kelahiran kembali nasional sebagai fondasi penting dari fasisme.[3]

Partai politik ultranasionalis

Sekarang terwakili dalam legislatif dan pemerintahan nasional

Partai-partai politik berikut ini dikarakterisasikan sebagai ultranasionalis.

•  Bulgaria: Ataka[4]
•  Yunani: Chrysi Avgi[5]
•  India: Shiv Sena[6]
•  Israel: Tkuma[7]
•  Polandia: Gerakan Nasional[8]
•  Rusia: Partai Demokrat Liberal Rusia[9]
•  Serbia: Serbian Radical Party[10]
•  Slowakia: Kotleba – Partai Rakyat Slowakia Kami[11]
•  Spanyol: Vox[12][13]
•  Turki: Partai Gerakan Nasionalis,[14][15] Partai Persatuan Besar[16]
•  Ukraina: Kebebasan[17]

Partai politik yang digambarkan memiliki fraksi ultranasionalis

•  Argentina: La Libertad Avanza[18]
•  Brazil: Partai Liberal[19]
•  Tiongkok: Partai Komunis Tiongkok[20]
•  Hungaria: Fidesz[21][22]
•  India: Partai Bharatiya Janata[23]
•  Indonesia: Gerindra[24], Golkar[25]
•  Italia: Lega[26]
•  Jepang: Partai Demokrat Liberal[27][28][29][30][31]
•  Rusia: Rusia Bersatu[32][33]

Lihat pula

• Ultranasionalisme palingenetik

Referensi

1. Ultranationalism Diarsipkan 2019-05-12 di Wayback Machine.. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
2. Ultranationalism. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
3. Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.
4. Katsikas, Stefanos (2011). "Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria". I.B. Tauris: 64. 
5. Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), "Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece", Journal of Political Ideologies, 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, ...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi). 
6. Mark Magnier (8 March 2012). "In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes". Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
7. "Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes". Times of Israel. 30 December 2018. 
8. "Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw". The Algemeiner. 31 January 2018. 
9. "Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words". 21 February 2013. 
10. Ford, Peter (2018). "Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform". Christian Science Monitor. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2018. 
11. "Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U." New York Times. 17 December 2016. 
12. Acha, Beatriz (6 January 2019). "No, no es un partido (neo)fascista". Agenda Pública. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-11. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-12. 
13. Antón-Mellón, Joan (29 April 2019). "Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal". Agenda Pública. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-12. 
14. Arman, Murat Necip (2007). "The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism". CEU Political Science Journal (2): 133–151. 
15. Eissenstat, Howard. (November 2002). Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism. Middle East Studies Association Conference. Washington, D.C. 
16. Gocek, Fatma Muge (2014). Denial of Violence. Oxford University Press. hlm. 402. 
17. "Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists". BBC. 25 December 2012. Diakses tanggal 1 March 2015. 
18. "Vox felicita a Milei por el resultado en las elecciones de Argentina y le traslada su "apoyo" para la segunda vuelta". Europa Press. 23 October 2023. El ultranacionalista Milei, candidato de La Libertad Avanza 
19. Cupples, Julie (2022). Development and Decolonization in Latin America. Taylor & Francis. election of right-wing ultranationalist populist, Jair Bolsonaro 
20. "A new Twitter account shows how the Chinese Communist Party stirs up ultra-nationalism". The Economist. 19 May 2022. 
21. Minkenberg, Michael (2015). Transforming the Transformation?. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 126. the rightward shift of Fidesz is noticeable by their growing co-optation of ultranationalist narratives 
22. Rosenfeld, Alvin (2021). Contending with Antisemitism in a Rapidly Changing Political Climate. Indiana University Press. hlm. 255. With its ultranationalist policy, Orban's Fidesz party managed to take over the positions of the far-right Jobbik party 
23. deSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties. SAGE. hlm. 19. The other major national party of today, the Bharatiya Janata Party, does not quite fit the religious fundamentalist, the ethnicity-based or the fascist/ultra nationalist categories although it shares, to a large degree, elements of all three 
24. "Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections". Center for Security Studies. 9 September 2014. Prabowo’s coalition consisted of his own ultra nationalist Gerindra 
25. "Comparing Indonesia's Party Systems of the 1950s and the Post-Suharto Era: From Centrifugal to Centripetal Inter-Party Competition". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-12. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-24. 
26. Krieg, Andreas (2023). Subversion: The Strategic Weaponization of Narratives. Georgetown University Press. it has maintained connections with anti-EU, ultranationalist radical elements of ... Lega Nord 
27. "Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis". eurasia review. 16 July 2019. The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism. 
28. Lunning, Frenchy, ed. (2013). Mechademia 4: War/Time. U of Minnesota Press. hlm. 291. ISBN 9781452942650. The overturning of the cab driver's 1998 sentiment in Akamatsu's 2007 piece had its political correlative in the victory of the ultranationalist wing of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) when Abe Shinzō became Japan's prime minister in ... 
29. "Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan". The Diplomat. 22 June 2018. In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment. 
30. Maki Kimura, ed. (2016). Unfolding the 'Comfort Women' Debates: Modernity, Violence, Women's Voices. Springer. ISBN 9781137392510. ... a gradual drift towards more nationalistic attitudes to education and politics in general in contemporary Japanese society may party be explained by the effect of ultranationalist politicians in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). 
31. Masanori Nakamura, ed. (2016). The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931-1991. M.E. Sharpe. hlm. 1992. ISBN 9781563241093. On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ... 
32. Sabri Kiçmari, ed. (2022). History Continues: Three Models of the Continuation of History. Springer Nature. hlm. 59. ISBN 9789811984020. Putinism is not consistent as an ideology and political system. Public political attitudes have changed according to the circumstances. From a kind of cautious system to an open society, Putinism has moved significantly in the direction of the authoritarian system. His political party United Russia started as the conservative party of the former communists has moved towards ultranationalist and neo-imperialist ideology (Van Herpen 2013: 7). Van Harpen even qualifies Putinism as an unstable system of a slight variant of fascism-fascism lite. According to him, this system combines elements of proto-fascism, fascism and post-fascism, with a nucleus of ultra-nationalism, militarism and neo-imperialism (Van Herpen 2013: 8). 
33. Chuck Stewart, ed. (2010). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of LGBT Issues Worldwide. Greenwood Press. hlm. 360. ISBN 9780313342356. In particular, Putin's efforts are attributed to the burgeoning growth of Russian ultranationalist sociopolitical organizations, such as United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya) and Ours (Nashi, or Youth Movement - Ours!).