Richard Lydekker

Richard Lydekker
Lahir(1849-07-25)25 Juli 1849
London, Inggris
Meninggal16 April 1915
Harpenden, Inggris
KebangsaanInggris
PenghargaanLyell Medal (1902)
Karier ilmiah
Bidang
InstitusiTrinity College, Cambridge
Natural History Museum

Richard Lydekker (25 Juli 1849 – 16 April 1915) adalah seorang naturalis dan geolog Inggris yang juga penulis berbagai buku mengenai sejarah alam.[1]

Biografi

Peta yang memperlihatkan garis Lydekker, bandingkan dengan garis-garis Wallace dan Weber, serta daratan terjauh pada masa Maksimum Glasier Terakhir saat permukaan laut 110 m lebih rendah dari sekarang.

Richard Lydekker dilahirkan di Tavistock Square di London. Ayahnya adalah Gerard Wolfe Lydekker, seorang pengacara berketurunan Belanda. Kelurage mereka pindah ke Harpenden Lodge segera setelah kelahiran Richard.[2] Ia menempuh pendidikan di Trinity College, Cambridge, di mana ia mengambil kelas pertama di tripos Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (1872).[3] Pada tahun 1874, ia bergabung dengan Geological Survey of India dan melakukan studi mengenai paleontologi vertebrata di India utara (terutama Kashmir). Ia tetap bertugas di sama hingga wafatnya ayahnya pada tahun 1881. Penelitian utamanya di India adalah mengenai palaeofauna Siwalik; yang diterbitkan dalam Palaeontologia Indica. Ia bertanggung jawab membuat katalog beragam fosil mamalia, reptilia, dan burung pada Natural History Museum, London (10 vols., 1891).[4]

Ia adalah tokoh berpengaruh dalam bidang keilmuan biogeografi. Pada tahun 1895, ia menetapkan batas biogeografi yang melalui Indonesia, yang dikenal sebagai Garis Lydekker, yang memisahkan Wallacea di sebelah barat dengan Australia-Nugini di sebelah timur.[4]

Lydekker menarik perhatian publik melalui dua suratnya yang dikirimkan ke The Times pada tahunh 1913, saat ia menulis bahwa pada 6 Februari ia telah mendengar suara seekor kangkok, berlawanan dengan History of British Birds karya Yarrell yang meragukan bahwa burung tersebut telah tiba sebelum bulan April. Enam hari kemudian pada 12 Februari 1913, ia menulis lagi, mengakui bahwa "catatan tersebut adalah ucapan seorang buruh tukang batu". Setelah itu, surat-surat mengenai kangkok pertama menjadi sebuah tradisi dalam persurat-kabaran Inggris.[5]

Ia menerima Lyell Medal dari Geological Society of London pada 1902.[6]

Karya

Actiniaria oleh Giacomo Merculiano, 1893, dalam buku Lydekker The Royal Natural History
  • Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History), 5 vols. (1885-1887)
  • A Manual of Palaeontology (with Henry Alleyne Nicholson, 2 vols., 1889)
  • Phases of Animal Life (1892)
  • The Royal Natural History[7] (with W. H. Flower], 6 vols., 12 sec. (1893-1896)
  • A Hand-book to the Marsupialia and Monotremata (1894)
  • Life and Rock: A Collection of Zooogical and Geological Essays (1894)
  • A Geographical History of Mammals (1896)
  • A Hand-book to the British Mammalia (1896)
  • A Handbook to the Carnivora: part 1: cats, civets, and mongooses (1896)
  • The Deer of all Lands: A history of the family Cervidae, living and extinct (1898)
  • Wild Oxen, Sheep & Goats of all Lands, Living and Extinct (1898)
  • The Wild Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet (1900)
  • The great and small game of Europe, western & northern Asia and America (1901)
  • The New Natural History 6 vols. (1901)
  • Living Races of Mankind:: A popular illustrated account of the customs, habits, pursuits, feasts, and ceremonies of the races of mankind throughout the world, 2 vols. (1902), [1] & [2] with Henry Neville Hutchinson and John Walter Gregory
  • Mostly Mammals: Zoological Essays (1903)
  • Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia and Amphibia in the British museum (1906)
  • Sir William Flower (1906)
  • The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet (rev. ed.) (1907)
  • Guide to the Great Game Animals (Ungulata) in British Museum (1907)
  • Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family (Equidæ) in British Museum (1907)
  • The Game Animals of Africa (1908)
  • A Guide to the Domesticated Animals (other than horses) (1908)
  • Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins (order Cetacea) (1909)
  • A number of articles in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  • Animal Portraiture (1912) [3]
  • The Horse and its Relatives (1912)
  • The Sheep and its Cousins (1912)
  • Catalogue of the heads and horns of Indian big game bequeathed by A. O. Hume ... to the British Museum (Natural History) (1913)
  • Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History) 5 vols. (1913-1916)
  • Wild life of the World: a descriptive survey of the geographical distribution of animals 3 vols. (1916)

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "Lydekker, Richard". Who's Who,. 59: p. 1096. 1907. 
  2. ^ "Obituary". Ibis. 57 (3): 617–620. 1915. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1915.tb08208.x. 
  3. ^ "Lydekker, Richard (LDKR867R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. 
  4. ^ a b Wikisource Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Lydekker, Richard". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-12). London & New York. 
  5. ^ Gregory, Kenneth (1976). First Cuckoo: Letters to "The Times", 1900-75. Allen & Unwin. 
  6. ^ "The Geological Society of London". The Times (36699). Monday. 24 Februari 1902. hlm. 6. 
  7. ^ "The Royal Natural History". Archive.org. Diakses tanggal 2012-06-12. 

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