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Hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok
Keberadaan hak asasi manusia yang diakui dan dilindungi di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok ("Tiongkok" atau "RRT") adalah sebuah bahan dari persengketaan antara pemerintahannya dan organisasi-organisasi dan individu-individu di luar pemerintahan tersebut. Otoritas RRT, para pendukungnya, dan lapisan lainnya mengklaim bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan yang ada menentang pelecehan hak asasi manusia. Namun, negara-negara lainnya dan otoritas-otoritas mereka (seperti Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat, Kanada, India, dan lain-lain), organisasi-organisasi non-pemerintah (ONP) internasional, seperti Human Rights in China dan Amnesty International, dan pihak-pihak yang berseberangan dengan negara tersebut menyatakan bahwa otoritas-otoritas di daratan utama Tiongkok telah membiarkan atau melakukan pelecehan hak asasi manusia.
ONP-ONP seperti Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch, serta institusi-institusi pemerintahan luar negeri seperti Departemen Negara A.S., menyatakan bahwa RRT telah mencederai kebebasan berbicara, pergerakan, dan beragama terhadap para warga sipilnya dan orang-orang lainnya pada yurisdiksinya. Otoritas-otoritas di RRT mengklaim bahwa definisi hak asasi manusia berbeda-beda, seperti yang meliputi hak asasi ekonomi dan sosial serta politik, semuanya berada dalam hubungan terhadap "budaya nasional" dan tingkat perkembangan dari negara tersebut.[1] Otoritas-otoritas di RRT, yang merujuk kepada definisi ini, mengklaim bahwa hak asasi manusia telah diimprovisasikan.[2] Namun, mereka tidak menggunakan definisi yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan negara dan organisasi. Menurut Konstitusi RRT, para politikus RRT menyatakan bahwa "Empat Prinsip Kardinal" memberikan hak-hak kewarganegaraan. Para pejabat RRT menginterpretasikan kebijakan Empat Prinsip Kardinal sebagai basis hukum untuk penangkapan orang yang pemerintah pandang akan meruntuhkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut.
Sejumlah kelompok hak asasi manusia menerbitkan masalah hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok yang mereka anggap gagal ditangani oleh pemerintahan tersebut, yang meliputi: hukuman mati, kebijakan satu anak, status hukum dan politik Tibet, dan pembatasan kebebasan pers di daratan utama Tiongkok.
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