Daftar kota terbesar sepanjang sejarah

Artikel ini mencantumkan kota atau kawasan perkotaan terbesar berdasarkan perkiraan populasi dalam sejarah. Banyak angka yang tidak pasti, terutama pada zaman kuno.

Daftar kota terpadat atau kawasan perkotaan dalam sejarah

Berikut ini adalah tabel dari kota-kota paling padat atau kawasan perkotaan dengan perkiraan populasi dalam sejarah menurut tiga sumber. Nama kota dengan huruf tebal adalah yang disepakati oleh ketiga sumber. Tabel ini tidak berisi data untuk kota-kota di peradaban Lembah Sungai Indus pada periode 5.000 SM hingga 1.000 SM.

Tahun Morris (2010)[1] Modelski (2003)[2] Chandler (1987)[3]
Populasi Nama Lokasi
Sekarang 		Populasi Nama Lokasi
Sekarang 		Populasi Nama Lokasi
Sekarang
7000 SM [4] 1.000 Beidha Yordania [5] 1.000–2.000 Yerikho Tepi Barat      
Basta[6] Yordania
Çatalhöyük Turki
6500 SM [5][7] 5.000–10.000 Çatalhöyük Turki
6000 SM [8] 3.000 Çatalhöyük Turki
4000 SM 5.000 Uruk Irak [5] 4.000 Eridu Irak      
Tel Brak Suriah
3800 hingga
3700 SM		 [9] < 10,000 Dobrovody Ukraina
3700 SM 6.000–10.000 Eridu Irak
3600 hingga
3500 SM		       [9] < 10.000 Majdanéc’ke Ukraina      
[9] < 10.000 Talianki Ukraina
3500 SM 14.000 Uruk Irak      
3300 SM 40.000 Uruk Irak
3200 SM 20.000 Abydos Mesir
3100 SM 20.000 Memphis Mesir
3000 SM [10] 45.000 Uruk Irak 40.000 Uruk Irak 30.000 Memphis Mesir
2800 SM 80.000 Uruk Irak Memphis Mesir
2500 SM [11] 60.000 Lagash[12] Iraq   Memphis Mesir
[11] 20.000 Nippur Irak
2400 SM       [13] 50.000 Mari Suriah   Memphis Mesir
[13] 40.000 Umma Irak
Girsu[12] Irak
Mohenjo-daro Pakistan
2300 SM       [14] 80.000 Girsu Irak   Memphis Mesir
[14] 50.000 Mari Suriah
2250 SM       > 30.000 Memphis Mesir
2240 SM Akkad[15] Irak
2200 SM 50.000 Girsu Irak Akkad Irak
2100 SM 100.000 Ur Irak Akkad Irak
2075 SM 50.000 Girsu[12] Irak
2059 SM Girsu Irak
2030 SM Ur Irak
2000 SM 60.000 Memphis Mesir [16] 40.000 Isin Irak 65.000 Ur Irak
Larsa Irak
Irak Girsu Irak
1991 SM Ur Irak
1980 SM Thebes Mesir
1900 SM       40.000 Isin Irak   Thebes Mesir
Larsa Irak
1800 SM       60,000 Mari Suriah > 25.000 Thebes Mesir
1770 SM 60.000 Babilonia Irak
1700 SM 60.000 Babilonia Irak Babilonia Irak
1670 SM Avaris[17] Mesir
1650 SM [18] 100.000 Avaris Mesir
1600 SM 50.000–100.000 Avaris[17] Mesir 100.000 Avaris Mesir
1595 SM Avaris Mesir
1580 SM Avaris Mesir
1557 SM Memphis Mesir
1500 SM 75.000 Uruk Irak 60.000 Thebes Mesir   Memphis Mesir
Thebes Mesir
1400 SM 80.000 Thebes Mesir Thebes Mesir
1375 SM [18] 100.000 Thebes Mesir
1360 SM 80.000 Thebes Mesir
1350 SM Thebes Mesir
1300 SM 120.000 Yinxu
(Anyang)		 Tiongkok Thebes Mesir
1205 SM Memphis[19] Mesir
1200 SM 80.000 Babilonia Irak 160.000 Pi-Ramses[17] Mesir [19] 50.000 Memphis Mesir
Thebes Mesir
1188 SM Thebes Mesir
1184 SM 120.000 Thebes Mesir
1100 SM 120.000 Pi-Ramses Mesir   Thebes Mesir
1000 SM 35.000 Qiyi (Qi) Tiongkok [20] 120.000 Thebes Mesir [21] > 50.000 Thebes Mesir
[20] 100.000 Haojing
(Xi'an)[22]		 Tiongkok [21] > 50.000 Haojing
(Xi'an)[22]		 Tiongkok
Memphis Mesir [21] 50.000 Chengzhou
(Luoyang)[23]		 Tiongkok
Babilonia Irak [18] 100.000
900 SM 125.000 Haojing Tiongkok Thebes Mesir
800 SM 125.000 Haojing Tiongkok > 50.000 Thebes Mesir
700 SM 100.000 Thebes Mesir   Thebes Mesir
Memphis Mesir
Ninewe Irak
Babilonia[24] Irak
Luoyi
(Luoyang)[23]		 Tiongkok
Linzi Tiongkok
668 SM [18] 100.000 Ninewe Irak
650 SM 120.000 Ninewe Irak
612 SM Babilonia Irak
600 SM 200.000 Babilonia Irak [18] 100.000 Babilonia Irak
Luoyi Tiongkok
562 SM 200.000 Babilonia Irak
500 SM 150.000 Babilonia Iraq [25] 200.000 Babilonia Irak   Babilonia Irak
Luoyi Tiongkok
Linzi Tiongkok
479 SM Babilonia Irak
460 SM Babilonia Irak
440 SM Babilonia Irak
430 SM 200.000 Babilonia Irak
400 SM 320.000 Xiadu Tiongkok Babilonia Irak
320 SM > 300.000 Aleksandria Mesir
300 SM 500.000 Carthage Tunisia   Pataliputra
(Patna)		 India
220 SM Pataliputra India
206 SM Pataliputra India
200 SM 300.000 Aleksandria Mesir 600.000 Aleksandria Mesir [26] 350.000 Pataliputra India
400.000 Chang'an
(Xi'an)[22][26]		 Tiongkok
195 SM Chang'an Tiongkok
190 SM Chang'an Tiongkok
170 SM Chang'an Tiongkok
160 SM Chang'an Tiongkok
100 SM 1.000.000 Aleksandria Mesir   Chang'an Tiongkok
25 SM Roma Italia
1 M 1.000.000 Roma Italia 800.000 Roma Italia Roma Italia
100 1.000.000 Roma Italia 450.000 Roma Italia
180 600.000 Roma Italia
200 800.000 Roma Italia 1.200.000 Roma Italia Roma Italia
280 500.000 Roma Italia
300 1.000.000 Roma Italia Roma Italia
340 Konstantinopel
(Istanbul)		 Turki
350 Konstantinopel Turki
361 300.000 Konstantinopel Turki
400 500.000 Roma Italia 800.000 Roma Italia Konstantinopel Turki
410 Konstantinopel Turki
450 Konstantinopel Turki
500 500.000 Konstantinopel Turki 400.000 Konstantinopel Turki
Jiankang
(Nanjing)[27]		 Tiongkok
Luoyang[23] Tiongkok
570 Ctesiphon[28] Iraq
575 500.000 Ctesiphon Irak
600 [29] 600.000 Daxing
(Chang'an)[22]		 Tiongkok 600.000 Konstantinopel Turki 500.000 Ctesiphon Irak
622 500.000 Ctesiphon Irak
637 400.000 Chang'an[22] Tiongkok
650 Chang'an Tiongkok
700 1.000.000 Chang'an[22] Tiongkok 800.000 Chang'an Tiongkok
750 800.000 Chang'an Tiongkok
775 600.000 Baghdad Irak
800 1.000.000 Chang'an Tiongkok 800.000 Chang'an Tiongkok 700.000 Baghdad Irak
833 900.000 Baghdad Irak
900 [1] 750.000 Chang'an Tiongkok 900.000 Baghdad Irak 900.000 Baghdad Irak
925 1.100.000 Baghdad Irak
932 1.100.000 Baghdad Irak
935 450.000 Kordoba Spanyol
1000 1.000.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok [30] 1.200.000 Baghdad Irak 450.000 Kordoba Spanyol
1013 400.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1050 400.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1071 400.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1100 1.200.000 Baghdad Irak 442,000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1102 442.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1126 420.000 Kaifeng Tiongkok
1127 200.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1145 200.000 Marw Turkmenistan
1150 200.000 Marw Turkmenistan
1153 200.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1160 200.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1170 200.000 Fez Maroko
1180 200.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1200 [31] 1.000.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok 1.000.000 Baghdad Irak 255.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
Hangzhou Tiongkok
Kaifeng Tiongkok
1210 600.000 Gurganj Turkmenistan 500.000 Marw Turkmenistan 260.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1250 320.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1273 432.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1300 1.500.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok 432.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1315 432.000 Kairo Mesir
1325 500.000 Kairo Mesir
1348 432.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1350 432.000 Hangzhou Tiongkok
1358 Jinling
(Nanjing)		 Tiongkok
1391 473.000 Jinling Tiongkok
1400 500.000 Jinling
(Nanjing)		 Tiongkok 1.000.000 Jinling
(Nanjing)		 Tiongkok 487.000 Jinling Tiongkok
1420 Jinling Tiongkok
1425 Beijing Tiongkok
1450 600.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1492 669.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1500 600.000 Beijing Tiongkok 1.000.000 Beijing Tiongkok 672.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1550 690.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1575 706.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1579 706.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1600 700.000 Beijing Tiongkok 1.000.000 Beijing Tiongkok 706.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1635 Beijing Tiongkok
1637 Beijing Tiongkok
1650 700.000 Konstantinopel[32] Turki
1670 Konstantinopel Turki
1675 750.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1684 Konstantinopel Turki
1685 Konstantinopel Turki
1690 700-800.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1700 650.000 Beijing Tiongkok 1.000.000 Ayutthaya Thailand 700.000 Konstantinopel Turki
1710 Beijing Tiongkok
1720 Edo[33] Jepang Beijing Tiongkok
1750 900.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1775 1.000.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1800 1.100.000 Beijing Tiongkok 1.100.000 Beijing Tiongkok 1.100.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1821 1.300.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1825             1.350.000 Beijing Tiongkok
1.335.000 London
(kawasan urban)		 Britania Raya
1841 1.948.000 London Britania Raya
1850 2.320.000 London Britania Raya
1851 2.362.000 London Britania Raya
1861 2.803.000 London Britania Raya
1875 4.241.000 London Britania Raya
1900 6.600.000 London Britania Raya 6.500.000 London Britania Raya 6.480.000 London Britania Raya
1914 7.419.000 London Britania Raya
1925 7.774.000 New York
(kawasan urban)		 Amerika Serikat
1936 10.150.000 New York Amerika Serikat
1950 12.463.000 New York Amerika Serikat
1962
1965 15.000.000 Tokyo
(kawasan urban)		 Jepang
1975 20.500.000 Tokyo Jepang
2000 [34] 26.400.000 Tokyo Jepang

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^ a b (a) [1] Diarsipkan 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine.Ian Morris, Social Development, Stanford University, October 2010. This contains supporting materials for the following book: (b) Ian Morris, Why the West Rules—For Now, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. ISBN 978-0-374-29002-3.
  2. ^ George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 0-9676230-1-4. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of former estimates can be read at Evolutionary World Politics Homepage Diarsipkan 2008-12-28 di Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ Tertius Chandler, Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1987. ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are summarized or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems; Largest Cities Through History by Matt T. Rosenberg Diarsipkan 2016-08-18 di Wayback Machine.; or The Etext Archives Diarsipkan 2008-02-11 di Wayback Machine.. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (urban) with suburbs but without farmland inside the municipality.
  4. ^ The date that the population of Beidha, Basta and Çatalhöyük is estimated to be 1,000 is given as 7500 BC in Morris's published text (p. 632).
  5. ^ a b c Suggested to be the largest cities in Modelski's text, but not given constantly prior to 3700 BC (p. 3, p. 17, and p. 20). No entry is suggested for the Halafian and Ubaid periods.
  6. ^ A Pre-Pottery Neolithic B settlement located ca. 25 km north of Petra.
  7. ^ The rough year that Çatalhöyük was supposed to be the largest is not given in Modelski's text which cites Ian Hodder's report (p. 3 and p. 17). The year 6500 BC is based on the recent report by Hodder (Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995-99 Seasons (Çatalhöyük Research Project), Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2005.) where less inhabitants (1,500 to 2,000) are suggested by Craig Cessford (pp. 323-326).
  8. ^ The date that the population of Çatalhöyük is estimated to be 3,000 is given as 6500 BC in Morris's published text (p. 632).
  9. ^ a b c Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), but only Eridu is listed as the largest city in Table 2 (a) (p. 22). The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kiev, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).
  10. ^ Suggested to be more than 45.000 in Morris's published text (p. 632).
  11. ^ a b According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), Nippur shares the top with Lagash with 60,000 inhabitants in 2500 BC, though Table 2 (b) suggests that the population of Nippur is 20,000, the value of which is even lower than those estimated for Mari (50,000); Uruk and Umma (40,000); Memphis, Ebla, Urkesh, and Shuruppak (30,000) (p. 28).
  12. ^ a b c Girsu (Telloh), the later capital of the state of Lagash, was situated 25 km NW of Lagash (Tell al Hiba), though both sites are frequently referred as Lagash.
  13. ^ a b According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), Girsu shares the top with Mari with 50,000 inhabitants, though Table 2 (b) suggests that the population of Girsu as well as Umma and Mohenjo-daro is 40,000 (p. 28).
  14. ^ a b According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), the population of Girsu for 2300 BC is estimated as 50,000, which is less than that appears in Table 2 (b) and is the same value with that estimated for Mari (p. 28).
  15. ^ Location uncertain. Maybe west of Sippar.
  16. ^ Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218) excludes Girsu for 2000 BC, though Table 2 (b) lists Girsu with 40,000 inhabitants (p. 28), sharing the top with Isin and Larsa.
  17. ^ a b c The palace of Pi-Ramses (Qantir) was founded 2 km NE of Avaris (or Hawaret, Tell el-Dab'a), the residential area of which overlaps.
  18. ^ a b c d e When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).
  19. ^ a b According to Chandler's list of the largest cities (pp. 523-527), Thebes was the largest for 1400-668 BC, but Memphis was also supposed to be somewhat larger during 1205-1188 (p. 94, p. 460).
  20. ^ a b Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).
  21. ^ a b c Chandler listed Thebes, Haojing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the largest, second-largest, and third-largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 BC (p. 541).
  22. ^ a b c d e f Haojing, which formed the capital of Western Zhou together with Fenghao, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.
  23. ^ a b c Chengzhou was founded on the east side of the Luo river with Wangzheng on the west side. Both cities were later annexed to form Luoyi (Luoyang), the center of which has often shifted.
  24. ^ According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219), the population of Babylon for 700 BC is estimated as 120,000, which makes Babylon the only city to appear as the largest, while Table 8 (a) shows that Babylon has 100,000 inhabitants in 700 BC (p. 55).
  25. ^ Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219) excludes Linzi for 500 BC, though Table 5 (a) lists Linzi with 200,000 inhabitants (p. 41).
  26. ^ a b According to Chandler's list of the largest cities (pp. 523-527), Pataliputra was the largest for 300 to 195 BC, but Chang'an is listed as the largest already in 200 BC (p. 462).
  27. ^ Based on historical documents, in Southern Liang dynasty, Jiankang (Nanjing) had 280,000 registered households, and assuming an average Nanjing household had about 5.1 people at that time, the city had more than 1.4 million residents. (Shufen Liu, "Jiankang and the Commercial Empire of the Southern Dynasties", in Pearce, Spiro, Ebrey eds. Culture and Power, 2001:35.)
  28. ^ Seleucia was founded on the right bank of Tigris opposite to Ctesiphon. Figures for Seleucia include the population of Ctesiphon as a suburb during the Seleucid era and vice versa during the Sassanid era.
  29. ^ The population of Daxing (Chang'an) in AD 600 is estimated at 250,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 600,000.
  30. ^ Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219) estimates the population of Baghdad for AD 1000 as 1,500,000, which is much higher than the value listed in Table 8 (b) (1,200,000 inhabitants) (p. 55).
  31. ^ The population of Hangzhou in AD 1200 is estimated at 800,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 1,000,000.
  32. ^ Termasuk Üsküdar di Asia Minor sebagai daerah pinggiran kota.
  33. ^ According to Morris (p. 483), Edo grew into the world's biggest city by 1720, but the estimated population for Edo is not given.
  34. ^ The population of Tokyo in AD 2000 is estimated at 26,7000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 26,400,000.

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