史蒂芬·维多维奇(Steven U. Vidovic)与大卫·马提尔(David M. Martill)于2017年为科氏翼手龙(Pterodactylus kochi)恢复了双孔头翼龙属(Diopecephalus)[2]——一个通常视为古老翼手龙异名的分类单元。[3][4]尽管历史上认为其与古老种不同,但大多数科氏种解剖特征的现代分析均强烈表明其代表一只幼年古尼翼手龙。翼龙专家克里斯多佛·本尼特(Christopher Bennett)指出,科氏种一些所谓的鉴别性解剖特征事实上反映了对正模标本的测量误差,一旦校正就无法区分这两个物种。[4]维多维奇与马提尔指出,科氏种在分类学上的不同之处在于特征组合而非自衍征,包括吻部倾斜、颅骨背面呈圆形、牙齿形状与排列及颈椎长度和深度等特征。[2]这些特征多为翼手龙典型特征或已知随生长阶段而变化。[1][3][4]并且,根据维多维奇与马提尔之前对恢复的另一个类似翼手龙的属风翼龙的研究,其中并未提供将个体变异和保存因素(如标本取向、压扁)与真正分类学区别开来的论点。[5]可能需要进一步研究以证明科氏种是有效分类单元而非古老种的异名。
^ 3.03.1Jouve, Stephane. Description of the skull of a Ctenochasma (Pterosauria) from the latest Jurassic of eastern France, with a taxonomic revision of European Tithonian Pterodactyloidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2004-09-10, 24 (3): 542–554. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86019483. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0542:dotsoa]2.0.co;2(英语).
^ 4.04.14.2Bennett, S. Christopher. New information on body size and cranial display structures of Pterodactylus antiquus, with a revision of the genus. Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 2012-12-09, 87 (2): 269–289. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 83722829. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0159-8(英语).
^Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. The Earliest Pterodactyloid and the Origin of the Group. Current Biology. 2014, 24 (9): 1011–6. PMID 24768054. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030.
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