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උදවු:Sortable tables
Using sortable tablesWhen browsing Wikipedia you may encounter tables that have been made sortable. A sortable table is identified by the arrows in one or more of its header cells. Clicking them will cause the table rows to sort in ascending order based on the selected column. A second click on the same arrow will sort in descending order. A third click will restore the original order of the whole table. For example; a third click causes List of countries by intentional homicide rate to reset to its original order by subregion. The actual sorting process will happen on your computer using client-side JavaScript. For this reason it is only possible to use this functionality if you have JavaScript enabled in your web browser. The sorting process is also dependent on your computer and the amount of data. Sorting a very large table on a slow computer may take a long time. ExampleThis is an example of a small sortable table. Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}
Tables with complex headersTables with more complex headers than before now sort correctly. For example: Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | name
! colspan=2 | data columns
|-
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}
Using two or more header rows, the sort arrows are placed on the bottom header row by default. They can be placed a maximum of one row higher by setting
Tables with complex data rowsTables can have cells spanning multiple rows, using The number of rows must be indicated with each use of rowspan. Before any sorting can be done, the rowspan setup must be correct. The wikitext must be correct. An incorrect rowspan organization can break sorting, cause weird table formatting, move data to the wrong column, etc. See examples below. When sorted all the rows are filled. Tables without rowspan are much easier to maintain by less experienced editors, and by editors who are stopping by only once to edit the table. Correct rowspan numbers and wikitext, with sorting in working order: Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! year
|-
| cats
| 273
| 2013
|-
| dogs
| 65
| rowspan=2 | 2014
|-
| mice
| 1,649
<!--column 3 spanned by cell "2014"-->
|}
Note that, after sorting, the rowspanning cells are cut into rows and their content is repeated (the year "2014" in the example). If the original order of a table is restored by clicking a third time on the same arrow, then the cells will remain repeated and not revert to the original rowspan. See example below. The wikitext is incorrect. Line 17 should not exist. Compare to correct table above. Result in this case is an added empty column. Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! year
|-
| cats
| 273
| 2013
|-
| dogs
| 65
| rowspan=2 | 2014
|-
| mice
| 1,649
|
|}
Online table editors and rowspanThere is an easy online wiki table editor here: It makes it easy to edit the text and links in individual cells of a table. It is especially easy when there are no rowspans in the body of a table. See the previous section. Without rowspans it is easier to change the underlying framework of a table, and move stuff around. Once the wikitext framework is simpler, the online table editor is simpler too, because you don't have to edit the wikitext as much in order to edit the table. Secondary keyIf a column contains a value multiple times then sorting the column preserves the order of the rows within each subset that has the same value in that column (stable sorting). Thus sorting based on a primary, secondary, tertiary, etc. key can be done by sorting the least-significant key first, etc. For example, to sort the table below on the Text column, then the Numbers column, first click on the "Numbers" column heading (the secondary sort key), then the "Text" column heading (the primary sort key). Another way to sort a table using multiple sort keys is to hold down the shift key while clicking on the column headings for the subsequent sort keys. For example, to sort the table below on the Text column, then the Numbers column, first click on the "Text" column heading (the primary sort key), then hold down the shift key and click on the "Numbers" column heading (the secondary sort key). There can be a problem if the Google translation gadget is enabled in gadget preferences (in browsing section). It may seem like shift-click secondary sorting is not working because of the delay due to the translation popup for the name in the column head. There are many browser translation addons that work as well or better than the gadget. The gadget can be turned on and off from the "More" menu at the top of any page.
Options for more columns in a narrow screenVertical headersRendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! {{vert header|stp=1|name}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|more data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|another column}}
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
| 1
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
| 2
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
| 3
|}
This template also works with headers that span rows or columns (using rowspan and colspan). Note that there is no vertical bar Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 {{vert header|stp=1|name}}
! colspan=2 {{vert header|data columns}}
! rowspan=2 {{vert header|stp=1|another column}}
|-
! {{vert header|stp=1|data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|more data}}
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
| 1
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
| 2
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
| 3
|}
Sort under template{{sort under}} can be used to make the sorting arrows appear underneath the header text, which may be desirable to narrow the width of a column.
Creating sortable tables Tables can be made sortable via client-side JavaScript by adding If you are using the Visual editor, you can open the properties dialog of a table and select the sortable option. Simple exampleThis is the wikisource of the table shown in the first section and shows the typical way to enable table sorting: {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}
The Initial sort order of rowsWhen users are first presented with a table, the rows will always appear in the same order as in the wikitext. If you want a table to appear sorted by a certain column, you must sort the wikitext itself in that order. This is usually done for the first column. The VisualEditor makes it easy to move individual table columns and rows around. For info about that, and also about putting a table in initial alphabetical order see § Initial alphabetical order. Restrictions and exclusionsTables can only click-to-sort vertically downwards (clicking on a topmost-column-name will cause the rows of the table to re-order themselves in their up-and-down positions). It is not possible to click-to-sort horizontally across (there is no way to click on a leftmost-row-cell so as to cause the columns of the table to re-order themselves in their left-to-right positions). Making selected columns unsortableIf you want a specific column not to be sortable, specify (When using {{vert header}}, disable column sorting by omitting Wiki source {|class="wikitable sortable"
!Numbers!! class="unsortable" |Unsortable
|-
|1||This
|-
|2||Column
|-
|3||Is
|-
|4||Unsortable
|-
|5||See?
|-
!Total: 15!!
|}
Rendered result
Excluding final rows from sortingSometimes it is helpful to exclude the last row of a table from the sorting process. There are two methods to achieve this. Header as a footerYou want a repeat of the header at the bottom. You do this by using the Wiki source {|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Header as footer example
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|-
!scope=row| John
| Smith
| 1.85
|-
!scope=row| Ron
| Ray
| 1.89
|-
!scope=row| Mario
| Bianchi
| 1.72
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|}
Rendered result
This applies to all rows at the end of the table that are consecutive and fully made up out of header cells. Those rows will not sort. Summation footerThis can be achieved using Wiki source {|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Summation footer example
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|-
!scope=row| John
| Smith
| 1.85
|-
!scope=row| Ron
| Ray
| 1.89
|-
!scope=row| Mario
| Bianchi
| 1.72
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=2 | Average:||1.82
|}
Rendered result
This is a complex table due to the "Average" cell spanning 2 columns. "Average" is also the row heading for the last row. Using the It is possible to keep multiple lines fixed at the bottom, as long as the lines are consecutive. If the "sortbottom" rows are not consecutive, then when the original order of a table is restored by clicking a third time on the same arrow then rows with Excluding top rows from sortingThis works the same as above for plain (non-header) rows at the top. This can be achieved using Configuring the sortingBy default, the system tries to guess the data type in each column. It does this by looking at the first five rows and evaluating their contents. This process works most of the time but can also easily get confused if you have inconsistent values or additional specifiers that the system doesn't know about. To avoid this ambiguity you can force a particular data type or override the value of a cell. Forcing a column to have a particular data typeThe The following (case-insensitive) values are valid for
data-sort-type=text
For example:
Without Note that if a column without declared sort-type contains only numeric values within the first top 5 cells, but with a reference Default data type of a columnIf you do not specify a
If more than one possible type matches, the first type in the above order is chosen. For example, "24-12-2007" matches as a date, so is not treated as a number. Formatting and markup tags are ignored when determining the matching type. The sort mode is determined by the first 5 non-blank rows below the header after loading the page. This can also change after deleting a row, or adding a column. Therefore, it is wise to make sure that every element matches the criterion for the required data type. Using a row template this can be done very conveniently. The method of making sure the sort mode of each column is as desired, is specify a Specifying a sort key for a cellSometimes the value of a cell is not correctly parsed or one wants to sort the row in a special way. (e.g. a cell containing 'John Doe' should actually be sorted as 'Doe' and not as 'John'). This can be easily achieved by using Wiki source
Rendered result
Alternatively, you can set the Wiki source
For example, this is handy to sort military ranks in rank-seniority order: Wiki markup {|class="wikitable sortable"
!Name and surname!!Rank
|-
|data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||data-sort-value="16"|[[Corporal|Cpl]]
|-
|data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||data-sort-value="8"|[[Captain (OF-2)|Capt]]
|-
|data-sort-value="Bianchi, Zachary"|Zachary Bianchi||data-sort-value="10"|[[2nd Lieutenant|2 Lt]]
|}
This gives:
See also mw:Help:Sorting#Specifying a sort key. If you have a list where all the entries start with quotes ("), and you want to set a sort key for one of the entries, then you will need to use the HTML name or number for quotes at the beginning of that sort key. See here too. Lists of song titles for example sometimes have each song title in quotes. So to sort by a particular word in a song title use one of these:
Keeping some rows together
Rendered result
Wiki source {|class="wikitable sortable"
!Country/province !!Capital
|-
|France ||Paris
|-
|Netherlands ||Amsterdam
|-
|data-sort-value=Netherlands |South Holland ||data-sort-value=Amsterdam |The Hague
|-
|UK||London
|}
If you have rows that contain colspans, this might become a little difficult. You can also use the Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="width:9.3em" |Country !!Capital
|-
|'''France'''
|Paris
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | In Paris is the Eiffel Tower.
|-
|'''UK'''
|London
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | In the U.K. you cannot pay with euros,
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | and you drive on the left.
|-
|'''Germany'''
|Berlin
|- class="expand-child"
|colspan="2" | Germany includes the former DDR.
|}
Examples of datatype auto detection. First 5 cells in a columnThe script sees what the first 5 cells in a column contain. The sorting mode becomes numeric if the first 5 cells contain a number only (comma and period used in number formatting are accepted as number). The numeric sorting order is maintained even when text is found in the cells that follow the 5th cell. 123,564,589.7e12 is in scientific notation and is treated as a number. An empty cell is treated as a non-number when sorting numerically. There is an empty cell initially at the bottom of each of the 2 tables just below. Datatype auto detection is inconsistent. It is always better to add a
Single currency character, or single alphabetic character, does not currently change what the script determines via the first 5 cells in a column: Numerical order.
Percentage sign does not change from determination as numerical order. Number combinations with minus or divide signs within them are still detected as numbers. Their numerical ordering though is determined by the number before the minus or divide sign.
A plus sign in an empty cell among the first 5 cells breaks default numerical sorting. As does a plus sign after a number if it is in one of the first 5 cells in a column.
Numerical sorting problems
Most of these problems can now be fixed by manually specifying the sort mode of a column by putting To work References Text breaks default numerical sorting if it is before or after a number in one of the first 5 cells in a column. A colon by itself (to signify no data, for example) in one of the first 5 cells in a column breaks numerical sorting. Even when using Leading zeroes are not necessary for numerical sorting of a column. If it seems that way, then that means the column is being sorted alphabetically. Look in the first 5 cells for anything other than numbers, and correct those cells according to these rules. Better yet, add A dash, of any kind, in a blank cell in one of the first 5 cells in a column breaks default numerical sorting of a column. A dash in front of a number does not break numerical sorting. Dashes are allowed anywhere in cells if The {{N/A}} template in the first five cells of a column is inconsistent in its effect on automatic datatype detection. It is always better to specify a c. for circa"c." (circa, indicates "approximately") is often found in columns of numbers and dates. It often breaks sorting. The addition of Using the {{circa}} template fixes sorting when c. is in front of the number, but only if the
Alternatively, c. can be put after the number. Or it can be moved to a different column. Numerical ranges
A dash after a number no longer breaks default numerical sorting of a column. Therefore, a range (30–40) now works. A plus sign after a number breaks default numerical sorting if it is in one of the first 5 cells in a column. A plus sign in an otherwise empty cell breaks default numerical sorting of a column. That is if the cell is one of the first 5 cells in the column. You can also use 2 columns for a range if you want to sort by either the lower or upper range. If you want the upper range to sort best all cells need to be filled in with numbers. For example, you can use the same number in both the lower and upper range. You can also add a plus sign after the number in the upper range. The first set of tables below do not sort correctly, except for the lower range which has no complicating factors. Note that "400+" and "400 +" do not sort correctly in their columns. These tables do not have
Date sorting problemsThe {{Date table sorting}} or {{dts}} template will work with any combination of years, months, days. See example here. See template documentation and section farther down for more info. Month namesAll sorting involving month names may fail for registered users who have changed the default language setting "en - English" at Special:Preferences (reported at phab:T126744). It affects relatively few users on the English Wikipedia and can be ignored. Year onlyYear sorting of a column works as long as the year is the first text in each cell in the column. Adding Text is OK after a year in a cell. "FY" (fiscal year), for example, should go after the year. References after the year are OK. Put "c." after the year, or use "est." after the year instead. A dash, of any kind, in a blank cell breaks year sorting of a column. Dashes after the year are OK. Unlike for numerical sorting the {{N/A}} template in any cell in a year column does not break year sorting of that column. If there are problems with year sorting check for any cells in the column with text or a dash (of any kind) as the first thing in a cell. Remove that text or dash, and the column should sort correctly. Year and monthDate sorting does not work for columns with only the year before the month (no day). Adding
Month and yearDate sorting does not work for columns with only the month before the year (no day). Adding
Month, day, and yearSorting works correctly in all the tables below. Years before 100 (for example, year 99) break sorting. If a number for a day is missing, sorting is broken.
Day, month, and yearSorting works correctly in all cases below. Years before 100 (for example, year 99) break sorting. If a number for a day is missing, sorting is broken.
Year, month, day. Using words for monthsSorting does not work for this date order.
The addition of any data-sort-type to the column header does not help. See examples below.
Year, month, day. Using numbers. ISO date YYYY-MM-DDSee: ISO date. "±YYYY-MM-DD", with 1 to 4 digits for year "YYYY" from -9999 to 9999. Year by itself is fine. As is the year followed by just the month. Some stuff after the date is allowed. Such as references after the date. To save header space you can add a tooltip to the "Date" column header instead of "year, month, day" below it. See: Template:Tooltip. Tooltips have been added to the tables in this section. See section higher up: #Examples of datatype auto detection. First 5 cells in a column. Datatype auto detection is inconsistent. That is why ISO date sorting works best with Remember to leave a space in the wikitext before years that are a negative number. Otherwise, "c." stands for circa (approximately). "c." before the date breaks sorting in the first table. Using the {{circa}} template fixes sorting, but only if the
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! data-sort-type=isoDate |{{Tooltip|Date|Year, month, day}}<br><small>{{tl|circa}} used.<br>Sorting works.</small>
|-
| -90
|-
| {{circa|sortable=yes|90}}
|-
| 90-7-13
|-
| 90-12-5
|-
| 1011-08-01<sup style="color:gray">[2]</sup>
|-
| {{circa|sortable=yes|207-11}}<sup style="color:gray">[1]</sup>
|}
Adding BCE, CE, BC, etc. after the date does not break sorting. But adding AD before the date breaks sorting. Test additions before and after dates. Additions before the date are almost always a problem.
Years BC are a problem
From this version of List of reported UFO sightings. The "Antiquity" section has a table with some hidden notes. Adapted here: To sort the dates before AD 1000 you will need one of the following:
The date column it is referring to was pulled out of the larger table, simplified, and placed below. It is sorting correctly. Look at the wikitext to see the methods discussed in the hidden notes. {|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Date
|-
|data-sort-value=-1440|c. 1440 BC
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-218}}
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-76}}
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-7}}
|-
|data-sort-value=0065|AD 65
|-
|data-sort-value=0196|AD 196
|-
|data-sort-value=0740|AD c. 740
|}
Date table sorting template: Day and month, Many other date formatsThe simplest way to format sortable dates in a table is to use the {{Date table sorting}} template. A redirect: {{dts}} It can be used with many date formats mixed together. Note the many formats used here. See template documentation for more info. See example tables below. They all sort correctly. The wikitext for the first entry in each table in the first row is shown in the table header. Note: None of the table columns use the
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Dates.<br>Various formats
|-
| {{dts|Jan 1980}}
|-
| {{dts|Aug 1981}}
|-
| {{dts|1992}}
|-
| {{dts|August 28 1993}}
|-
| {{dts|1990|4|27}}
|-
| {{dts|1989|8|8}}
|}
Issues. Years BC, etcFor years BC,
Date sorting works by formatting dates so they can be sorted numerically. For example:
or
...for 21 July 2001. The
You can use ජූලි 7, 2012 etc. to get sortable dates. Example, including one date with a different display format: Rendered result
Wiki source {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
|-
| {{dts|2012-01-07}}
|-
| {{dts|2012-05-07}}
|-
| {{dts|4 July 2012}} <!-- Ensure alternate display date format works -->
|-
| {{dts|2012-07-07}}
|}
Before year 100. Any date format
Background colors in sortable headersAdding color with the shorthand[a]
Use the more specific {|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | Name
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | [[Surname]]
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | Height
|-
|John
|Smith
|1.85
|-
|Ron
|Ray
|1.89
|-
|Mario
|Bianchi
|1.72
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="2" |Average:
|1.82
|}
Produces this sortable table:
Tips and tricksPaddingSometimes entries are padded on the left for alignment purposes. This can adversely affect how they are sorted. Non-breaking spacesThe effect of left-padding with non-breaking space codes
See also Talk:List of U.S. states and territories by population/Archive 1#Sortable Table. Padding with zerosExample:
Formatnum can be combined with padleft: Integer
Real
Controlling sorting and displayText undesired for sorting but needed for display:
Text undesired for display but needed for sorting:
Combining the two, we can have displayed text independent of text used for sorting, by fully hiding the latter, and fully putting the former in a separate column (in date sorting mode and numeric sorting mode) or in the same column after the hidden text (in alphabetic sorting). Fully putting the displayed text in a separate column may look ugly if it is not done consistently for a whole column, but only for elements that require this (e.g. if most entries in a column are single numbers, but some are ranges). Sorting with increase/decrease/steady templates
To enable sorting of cells with Template:Increase, Template:Decrease or Template:Steady, add a sort key, e.g.
Maintaining tables sorted alphabetically or by rankIt used to be difficult to maintain tables in rank order, and to keep the numbering correct. That is no longer true. Template:Static row numbers renumbers the row numbers after every change in row order. And after every addition or deletion of rows. Putting a table in initial alphabetical order
There are fast and slow ways to do this. Unfortunately, the Visual Editor does not have a fast way to quickly alphabetize a table. You can manually move rows around one at a time. Click on a cell in a row. Then click on the arrow that shows up at the left of the row. Then click on "move above" or "move below" as needed. If this is buggy or is not working, the rows can be moved around in the wikitext by cutting and pasting rows in the wikitext. A fast way is to launch free LibreOffice Calc, or another spreadsheet program. To see how go to Help:Table#Sort alphabetically/numerically with spreadsheet & VE. For more info see Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files. There is another way to alphabetize a table, and it keeps all the styling and flag links that a spreadsheet may remove. One can use NoteTab Light (freeware version of NoteTab). But for this to work, all the wikitext for a row must be on one line. That means the cells in that row are separated by double bars To alphabetize the list by the first column paste the table wikitext into a new NoteTab Light page. Select the rows you want to alphabetize. Then click on the "modify" menu, then "lines", then "sort", and then "ascending". That will put "A" at the top and "Z" at the bottom. Then put back
If there are blank lines between the entries replace Copy the wikitext and paste it back into the article. Save the page. Initial alphabetical sort versus initial sort by rank orderIt is a good idea to keep lists and tables in some kind of initial non-random sort order. It no longer matters what method you choose. Template:Static row numbers will maintain row numbering automatically no matter what changes you make to the row order. Removing an old rank column (1,2,3) from a tableYou can remove the rank column cells quickly. It is much easier now with the table editor in the VisualEditor. Click on the header in the column you want to delete. An arrow will show up at the top of the column. Click the arrow, and then "delete column". Then let Template:Static row numbers create the row number column. Auto-ranking or adding a row numbering column (1,2,3)There are Phabricator threads asking for a way to easily add static row numbers to tables. See phab:T42618. It supersedes phab:T42634. In the meantime there is Template:Static row numbers. It is easy to use now. It is a template to automatically add row numbers to sortable tables. The row numbers will not be sorted when columns of data are sorted. A possible note to add above a table: Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column. See list of articles transcluding It has some subtemplates that work with it. Go to {{static row numbers}} for more details. To see the template in use: List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate. Note that The selective use of max-width allows the state names to spread out, and stay on one row each if the screen is wide enough. This allows easier scanning down or across the rows. Yet when the screen becomes narrower and narrower, the state names will eventually wrap. This is good for cell phones. Use em unit settings instead of px. Em units expand in width as the font size is increased. Be sure to check both mobile and desktop views (links at bottom of page). Check to see that header rows aren't being given a row number. Also check that the max-width settings aren't too tight. Mobile view may need a slightly larger max-width setting for some columns. And different desktop browsers, and different settings for them, can make some max-width settings cause some column header text to overlap into the adjacent column. So it is usually good to add some extra em units to the max-width settings. Alphabetic sorting orderdata-sort-type:text - Sort the following table to see an example of the alphabetic sort order. Note that sorting is case-insensitive: the two-character entries such as A1 demonstrate that A and a are at the same position.
Numerical sorting order examplesdata-sort-type:number - Sort the following table to see an example of the numerical sort order.
See also
Notes
References
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