Receptor de glucocorticoides

Receptor de glucocorticoides

Estructura tridimensional del receptor de glucocorticoides.
Estructuras disponibles
PDB

Buscar ortólogos: PDBe, RCSB

 Lista de códigos PDB
1gdc
Identificadores
Símbolos NR3C1 (HGNC: 7978) GCCR, GCR, GR, GRL
Identificadores
externos
Locus Cr. 5 q31.3
Ortólogos
Especies
Humano Ratón
Entrez
2908
UniProt
P04150 n/a
RefSeq
(ARNm)
NP_000167 n/a

El receptor de glucocorticoides (GR o GCR) también conocido como NR3C1 (de sus siglas en inglés "nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1") es un receptor nuclear que une ligandos como el cortisol y otros glucocorticoides, y es codificado en humanos por el gen HGNC NR3C1 , situado en el locus cromosómico 5q31.3.

El receptor de glucocorticoides es expresado en casi todas las células del cuerpo humano y regula genes implicados en desarrollo, metabolismo y respuesta inmune. Debido a que el gen del receptor es expresado en diversas isoformas, tiene diferentes efectos (pleiotrópicos) en diferentes partes del cuerpo.

Cuando el receptor se une a algún glucocorticoide, el primer mecanismo de acción que se dispara es la regulación de la transcripción.[1][2]​ El receptor libre (no unido a ligando) se localiza en el citoplasma de la célula, pero cuando se une al ligando el complejo receptor/glucocorticoide formado puede seguir por dos rutas diferentes: si se transloca al núcleo, el complejo activará la expresión de proteínas antiinflamatorias; si se mantiene en el citoplasma, el complejo reprimirá la expresión de proteínas pro-inflamatorias (impidiendo la translocación de otros factores de transcripción del citosol al núcleo).

Estructura

Al igual que otros receptores esteroideos,[3]​ el receptor de glucocorticoides presenta una estructura modular[4]​ que consta de los siguientes dominios:

Unión de ligando y respuesta

En ausencia de hormona, el receptor de glucocorticoides se localiza en el citosol formando complejos con diversas proteínas incluyendo la proteína de choque térmico 90 (Hsp90), la proteína de choque térmico 70 (Hsp70) o la proteína FKBP52 (proteína 52 de unión a FK506).[5]​ El cortisol, un glucocorticoide endógeno, es capaz de difundir a través de la membrana celular, llegar al citoplasma y así unirse al receptor de glucocorticoides, dando lugar así a la liberación de las proteínas de choque térmico. Esta nueva forma activada del receptor de glucocorticoides unido al cortisol presenta dos mecanismos principales de acción: uno de transactivación y otro de transrepresión,[6][7]​ que son descritos a continuación.

Transactivación

Este es un mecanismo directo de acción que implica la homodimerización del receptor, su translocación por transporte activo al interior del núcleo celular y su unión a secuencias específicas del ADN que activan la transcripción de los genes diana. Este mecanismo de acción es denominado transactivación y el tipo de respuesta biológica que producirá dependerá del tipo celular donde tenga lugar.

Transrepresión

En ausencia de la forma activada del receptor de glucocorticoides, otros factores de transcripción tales como NF-kB o AP-1 son capaces de transactivar sus genes diana. Sin embargo, una vez activado, el receptor de glucocorticoides puede formar complejos con estos y otros factores de transcripción, impidiéndoles su unión a sus genes diana y así, reprimiendo la expresión de estos genes que normalmente verían favorecida su expresión por NF-kB o AP-1. Este mecanismo indirecto de acción es denominado transrepresión.

Importancia clínica

Se ha podido observar que el receptor de glucocorticoides se encuentra mutado en determinadas patologías, como en el caso de la resistencia a glucocorticoides familiar.[8]

Agonistas y antagonistas

El receptor de glucocorticoides presenta algunos agonistas como la dexametasona, y algunos antagonistas como RU486, ciproterona, progesterona y DHEA.

Interacciones

El receptor de glucocorticoides ha demostrado ser capaz de interaccionar con:

Referencias

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Australian politician DameDorothy TangneyDBESenator for Western AustraliaIn office21 August 1943 – 30 June 1968 Personal detailsBorn(1907-03-13)13 March 1907North Perth, Western AustraliaDied3 June 1985(1985-06-03) (aged 78)Wembley, Western AustraliaPolitical partyAustralian Labor PartyAlma materUniversity of Western AustraliaOccupationTeacher Dame Dorothy Margaret Tangney DBE (13 March 1907 – 3 June 1985) was an Australian politician. She was a member of the Austr…

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Elections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet took place in October 1995, at the beginning of the 1995/6 session of parliament. Under the rules then in effect, the Commons members of the Parliamentary Labour Party elected 19 members of the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet, who were then assigned portfolios by the leader. The Labour peers elected the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords. In addition, the Leader of the Labour Party and Deputy Leader (Tony Blair and John Prescott, resp…

Philosophy that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern Part of a series onAnimal rights Overview Animal welfare Around the world History Timeline Animal cruelty Veganism Vegetarianism Primate rights in research Movement Advocates Vegans Vegetarians Groups Animal abuse Animal–industrial complex Killing Mutilation Wild animals Consumption Dogs Horses Cats Cattle Bloodsports Bullfighting Hunting Fishing Animal testing Cosmetic Captivity Zoos Circuses Oceanariums Companion animals Pu…

The view on 17 February 2012 from Immaculate Conception Cathedral. Parliament House on Church Street. York House, also known as Parliament House, was a landmark in St. George's and the home of the Parliament of Grenada from the 19th century until it was destroyed by Hurricane Ivan in 2004.[1] It was replaced by the New Parliament Building in 2010.[2] History The building was built in the 1770s and originally served as the residence of the Depontieu family. It was purchased by the…

Defectors from Communist Cuba For the general history of Cubans in the United States, see Cuban immigration to the United States. For the specific history of Cubans in Miami, see Cuban migration to Miami. Cuban exodusPart of Aftermath of the Cuban RevolutionCuba is 90 miles (140 kilometres) south of Florida in the United States, the destination many exiles head towards.Date1959 – presentLocation CubaCause Opposition to Fidel Castro, Raul Castro and Miguel Díaz-Canel Land reform in Cuba S…

History and regulations of Bhutanese citizenship Bhutanese Citizenship ActParliament of Bhutan Long title An Act relating to Bhutanese citizenship Enacted byGovernment of BhutanStatus: Current legislation Bhutanese nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of Bhutanese citizenship. The Bhutanese Citizenship Act of 1985 was introduced by the Druk Gyalpo Jigme Singye Wangchuck, on June 10, 1985, modifying the definition of a Bhutanese citizen. The Act was imp…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Pistorius. Boris Pistorius Boris Pistorius en 2019. Fonctions Ministre fédéral allemand de la Défense En fonction depuis le 19 janvier 2023(1 an, 4 mois et 30 jours) Chancelier Olaf Scholz Gouvernement Scholz Prédécesseur Christine Lambrecht Ministre de l'Intérieur et des Sports de Basse-Saxe 19 février 2013 – 18 janvier 2023(9 ans, 10 mois et 30 jours) Ministre-président Stephan Weil Gouvernement Weil I, II et III Prédé…

Group of non-expanding clay minerals IlliteGeneralCategoryMica- phyllosilicatesFormula(repeating unit)(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)]IMA symbolIlt[1]Strunz classification9.EC.60Dana classification71.02.02d.02Crystal systemMonoclinicCrystal classPrismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol)Space groupC2/m (no. 12)IdentificationColorGrey-white to silvery-white, greenish-grayCrystal habitMicaceous aggregatesCleavage{001} PerfectMohs scale hardness1–2LusterPearly to dullStreakwhiteDiaph…

Preah KhanAgamaAfiliasiHinduLokasiLokasiAngkorNegaraKambojaArsitekturTipeKhmerDibuat olehJayawarman VII Preah Khan (Bahasa Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន; Senjata Bangsawan) adalah sebuah candi di Angkor, Kamboja, dibangun pada abad ke-12 untuk Raja Jayawarman VII. Candi ini berlokasi di timur laut Angkor Thom dan sebelah barat Jayatataka. Galeri foto Biksu di Preah Khan Reruntuhan candi Preah Khan Reruntuhan perpustakaan Preah Khan Jayadewi, satu dari dua istri Jayawarman…