Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia

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The Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia is a type of fusion cuisine.

Origins

In general, Eurasians are people of any mixed European and Asian ancestry. However, if referring to Eurasian cuisine, usually the amalgamation of Portuguese, Dutch, British, Chinese, Malay, and also Indian and Peranakan influences is meant.^[1]^[2] Within this cuisine, ingredients in European dishes are replaced or complemented by Asian ingredients. Conversely, European ingredients are used in Asian dishes.^[2] The cuisine dates to the 16th century.^[2]

For example, cream in European recipes is replaced by coconut cream and dried Chinese sausage (lap cheong) is used instead of chorizo. Also, the use of soy sauce, chilli and ginger is used interchangeably with vinegar, mustard and Worcestershire sauce.

Definition

The word Eurasian is a portmanteau of European and Asian.^[2] There is no clear definition of what can be specified as Eurasian cuisine. It often includes ingredients from Dutch, British, Portuguese, Indian, Chinese cuisines as well as Malay.^[3] Some dishes are also found in other cuisines.^[2] By local adaptation(s), or by its ubiquitous presence within the Eurasian community, a dish is sometimes considered "Eurasian".

Dishes

Baca assam, beef cheeks cooked in tamarind water^[1]
Chap chye, a stir fried vegetable dish consisting of lily buds, wood fungus, shiitake mushrooms, glass vermicelli/cellophane noodles, bean curd sheets, cabbage, carrots and turnips, dried shrimp/prawn, and onions.
Devil's curry or curry debal (Portuguese), chicken and potatoes in a sauce of chilli, galangal, lemongrass, ginger, turmeric powder, mustard seeds, shallots or onions, garlic, vinegar and kemiri nuts (candle nuts).^[3]
Feng (curry)^[3]
Oxtail stew (British), a stew with cinnamon, soy sauce and star anise.^[3]
Pang Susi, a meat filled oven baked pastry.^[4]
Putugal, a steamed rice cake
Kueh kochi pulot hitam, a cake of black and white glutinous rice flour with a filling of mung beans or coconut.
Semur, a type of meat stew (mainly beef), that is braised in thick brown gravy.
Seybak, a salad made with pork offal.^[4]
Shepherd's pie (British), a traditional dish with meat and mashed potatoes with the addition of soy sauce, oyster sauce, Chinese mushrooms and garlic.^[3]
Sugee cake, a semolina cake

Formal dinners

A formal Eurasian dinner will include a half dozen or more dishes.^[3] Typically the main meal is presented together and served with rice.^[3]

Related cuisines

Indo cuisine
Kristang cuisine
Peranakan cuisine
Macanese cuisine, a fusion of Portuguese and Chinese cuisines^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Zhang, Megan (2022-08-08). "The Revival of Singapore's Indigenous Cuisine". Saveur. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pereira, Robin (2009). "Robin's Eurasian recipes". WorldCat. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Richmond, Simon (2022). Eat Malaysia & Singapore: the complete companion to Malaysia & Singapore's cuisine and food culture. Dublin: Lonely planet food. ISBN 978-1-83869-518-7.
^ ^a ^b Pillay, Suzanna (7 January 2018). "A test of time for Eurasian favourites". New Straits Times. Singapore. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^ Keegan, Matthew (14 January 2019). "Macau's rare fusion cuisine". BBC. Retrieved 2024-04-25.

Gomes, Mary (2009), The Eurasian Cookbook, Horizon Books, Singapore, ISBN 981-04-4344-7
Hutton, Wendy (2003), Eurasian Favourites, Periplus Mini Cookbooks, Periplus, Singapore, ISBN 978-0-7946-0136-2
Pereira, Quentin (2012), Eurasian Heritage Cooking, Marshall Cavendish Cuisine, Singapore, ISBN 978-981-4346-46-7
D'Silva, Damian (2012), Rebel with a Course, Ate, Singapore, ISBN 978 981 0703424

Singaporean cuisine

Articles

Dishes

Noodle dishes	Banmian Beef kway teow Beef noodle soup Bee hoon goreng Char kway teow Crab bee hoon Fish soup bee hoon Hokkien mee Laksa Katong laksa Kway chap Kway teow goreng Mee bakso Mee goreng Mee rebus Mee pok Bak chor mee Mee siam Mee soto Satay bee hoon Vegetarian bee hoon
Rice dishes	Biryani Duck rice Hainanese chicken rice Hainanese curry rice Ketupat Nasi goreng Nasi lemak Nasi padang Nasi Rawon Teochew porridge
Other dishes	Assam pedas Ayam goreng Ayam penyet Bak kut teh Bakso Black pepper crab Chai tow kway Char siu Chilli crab Dendeng paru Fish head curry Fish ball Gudeg putih Gulai daun ubi Har cheong gai Naan Oyster omelette Pecel lele Pig fallopian tubes Pig's organ soup Rojak bandung Roti john Roti prata Satay Sayur lodeh Sliced fish soup Soto Soto ayam Soup kambing Turtle soup

Snacks and
desserts

Ais kacang
Apam balik
Bubur cha cha
Cendol
Cheng tng
Curry puff
Ham chim peng
Kaya toast (Roti bakar)
Keropok
Kueh
- Laddu
- Modak
- Red peach cake
- Soon kueh
Otak-otak
Pisang goreng
Putugal
Sugee cake
Satti Sorru

Drinks

Malaysian cuisine by ethnicity

Common dishes

Malay	Asam pedas Ayam bakar Ayam goreng Ayam masak kicap Ayam masak merah Ayam penyet Bubur Bubur asyura Bubur ayam Bubur kacang hijau Bubur lambuk Bubur pedas Bubur pulut hitam Dendeng Gulai Ikan bakar Ikan goreng Kangkung belacan Ketupat Kway teow goreng Laksa Lemang Lontong Mee bakso Mee bandung Muar Mee goreng Mee jawa Mee kari Mee rebus Mee siam Nasi ambeng Nasi campur Nasi dagang Nasi goreng American fried rice Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi kerabu Nasi kuning Nasi lemak Nasi minyak Nasi paprik Nasi tumpang Nasi ulam Otak-otak Pais Pecal Pekasam Pindang Pulot tartal Ramly burger Roti canai Roti Jala Rendang Rojak Rojak bandung Sayur lodeh Sata Satay Satay celup Serundeng Soto Soto ayam Mee soto Sup Soup kambing Sup tulang Tauhu goreng Telur pindang Tongmo Ulam
Chinese	Bakkwa Bak kut teh Banmian Bean sprouts chicken Beef kway teow Chai tow kway Char kway teow Char siu Chee cheong fun Chwee kueh Claypot chicken rice Curry Mee Duck rice Duck soup noodles Economy rice/Mixed rice Fish ball Fish head bee hoon Hae mee Heong Peng Hokkien mee Kolo mee Kway chap Kway Teow Th'ng Loh bak Lor mee Mee pok Oyster omelette Pan mee Pao Popiah Sar Hor Fun Lou Shee Fun Teochew Porridge Tong sui Wonton mee Tambun biscuit Yee Foo Mee Yong tau foo You char kway Yusheng Zongzi
Indian	Banana leaf rice Butter chicken Dalcha Puliyodarai Curd rice Chapati Fish molee Dosai Idli Laddu Mee goreng Maggi goreng Mee goreng mamak Mee rebus Mamak Rojak (Rojak Klang) Modak Murtabak Mutton curry Nasi biryani Nasi kandar Korma Pasembur Puri Putu mayam Roti canai Roti tissue Naan Sup kambing Satti Sorru Appam Payasam Upma Paniyaram Pongal Vadai Adhirasam Murukku Bajji Rasam Sambar Papadum Tandoori chicken
East Malaysian (Sabah and Sarawak)	Ambuyat Bosou Hinava Linatan Linongot Manok pansoh Midin Nasi kombos Nasi laru Nasik aruk Sinalau bakas Tonokon Tuhau Umai
Peranakan	Acar Asam laksa/Laksa lemak Buah keluak Bubur cha cha Cap cai Kerabu Bihun Perut Ikan Pie tee Pongteh Nyonya Bak Chang
Eurasian	Shepherd's pie Oxtail stew Chicken chop Devil's curry Semur

Snacks

Cake and pastries	Bahulu Batik cake Heong peng Roti bakar (Kaya toast) Sarawak layer cake
Keropok, crackers	Amplang Lekor Rempeyek Mee Siput Muar
Kuih	Apam balik Akok Bingka Borasa Cakoi Cincin Cucur Jemput-jemput Penyaram Pisang goreng Dodol Jala Jelurut Karipap Kelupis Kochi Gelang Kue kembang goyang Gulung Laddu Lapis Lidah Makmur Modak Mooncake Ondeh-ondeh Otokon Pais Red peach cake Red tortoise cake Pie tee Pulut inti Pulut panggang Puto Putu bambu/Putu bumbong Putu mangkuk/piring Qasidah Sapit/Gulong/Kapit Seri Muka Soon kueh Tat/Tae

Desserts

Drinks

Non-alcoholic	ABC Bandung Cendol Cheng tng Cincau Chrysanthemum tea Ginger tea Ipoh white coffee Kopi Janda pulang Milo Sarsi Soy milk Teh tarik
Alcoholic	Jaz Lihing Montoku Sikat Tapai Tuak

Condiments

Acar
Kaya
Sambal
- Belacan
- Budu
- Cincalok
- Tempoyak
Taucu
Tuhau

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