Day of the year
April 12 is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 263 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.[ 5] 1776 – American Revolution : With the Halifax Resolves , the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.[ 6] 1782 – American Revolution: A Royal Navy fleet led by Admiral George Rodney defeats a French fleet led by the Comte de Grasse at the Battle of the Saintes off Dominica in the Caribbean Sea .[ 7] 1796 – War of the First Coalition : Napoleon Bonaparte wins his first victory as an army commander at the Battle of Montenotte , splitting the Austrian and Piedmontese armies away from each other, and marking the beginning of the Piedmontese surrender in the war.[ 8] 1807 – The Froberg mutiny on Malta ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli .[ 9] 1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria , a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.[citation needed 1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester , England, cause it to collapse.[citation needed 1861 – American Civil War : Battle of Fort Sumter . The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter , in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina .[ 10] 1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase ) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw ).[ 11] 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Pillow : Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow , Tennessee .[ 12] 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama , falls to the Union Army .[ 13] 1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal .[ 14] 1900 – One day after its enactment by the Congress , President William McKinley signs the Foraker Act into law, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule .[ 15]
1910 – SMS Zrínyi , one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.[citation needed 1917 – World War I : Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans .[citation needed 1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927 : Chiang Kai-shek orders the Chinese Communist Party members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front .[citation needed 1927 – Rocksprings, Texas is hit by an F5 tornado that destroys 235 of the 247 buildings in the town, kills 72 townspeople, and injures 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.[ 16]
1928 – The Bremen Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.[citation needed 1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington , New Hampshire . It has since been surpassed.[ 17] 1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers .[citation needed
1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England .[citation needed 1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.[citation needed 1945 – World War II : The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg , and reaches Tangermünde —only 50 miles from Berlin .[citation needed
1955 – The polio vaccine , developed by Dr. Jonas Salk , is declared safe and effective .[ 18] 1961 – Space Race : The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first crewed orbital flight, Vostok 1 .[ 19] 1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 Finnclipper in the Danish straits.[citation needed 1970 – Soviet submarine K-8 , carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.[ 20] 1980 – The Americo-Liberian government of Liberia is violently deposed .[citation needed 1980 – Transbrasil Flight 303 , a Boeing 727 , crashes on approach to Hercílio Luz International Airport in Florianópolis , Brazil . Fifty-five out of the 58 people on board are killed.[ 21]
1980 – Canadian runner and athlete, Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope Run in St. John's, NF [ 22]
1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia STS-1 mission.[citation needed 1983 – Harold Washington is elected as the first black mayor of Chicago .[ 23] 1985 – Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-51D to deploy two communications satellites .[ 24] 1990 – Jim Gary 's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.[citation needed 1990 – Widerøe Flight 839 crashes after takeoff from Værøy Airport in Norway , killing five people.[ 25]
1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland Disneyland Paris .[citation needed 1999 – United States President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit ; he is later fined and disbarred.[citation needed 1999 – During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia , an American McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle shoots a passenger train , killing between 20 and 60 people.[ 26]
2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market , killing seven people and wounding 104.[citation needed 2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.[citation needed 2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.[citation needed 2010 – Merano derailment : A rail accident in South Tyrol kills nine people and injures a further 28.[ 27] 2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali .[ 28] 2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso , killing 16 people, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.[ 29]
Births
Pre-1600
811 – Muhammad al-Jawad , the ninth Imam of Shia Islam (d. 835)[ 30] 959 – En'yū , emperor of Japan (d. 991)1116 – Richeza of Poland , queen of Sweden and Grand Princess of Minsk (d. 1156)1432 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia (d. 1462)1484 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger , Italian architect, designed the Apostolic Palace and St. Peter's Basilica (d. 1546)1484 – Maharana Sangram Singh , Rana of Mewar (d. 1527)
1500 – Joachim Camerarius , German scholar and translator (d. 1574)1526 – Muretus , French philosopher and author (d. 1585)1550 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford , English courtier and politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (d. 1604)1577 – Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)[ 31]
1612 – Simone Cantarini , Italian painter and engraver (d. 1648)1639 – Martin Lister , English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)1656 – Benoît de Maillet , French diplomat and natural historian (d. 1738)1705 – William Cookworthy , English minister and pharmacist (d. 1780)[ 32] 1710 – Caffarelli , Italian actor and singer (d. 1783)[ 33] 1713 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal , French historian and author (d. 1796)1716 – Felice Giardini , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1796)1722 – Pietro Nardini , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1793)[ 34] 1724 – Lyman Hall , American physician, clergyman, and politician, 16th Governor of Georgia (d. 1790)1748 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu , French botanist and author (d. 1836)1777 – Henry Clay , American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Secretary of State (d. 1852)1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham , English soldier and politician, Lord Privy Seal (d. 1840)1794 – Germinal Pierre Dandelin , Belgian mathematician and engineer (d. 1847)[ 35] 1796 – George N. Briggs , American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1861)1799 – Henri Druey , Swiss lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1855)1801 – Joseph Lanner , Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1843)1816 – Charles Gavan Duffy , Irish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Victoria (d. 1903)1823 – Alexander Ostrovsky , Russian playwright and translator (d. 1886)[ 36] 1839 – Nikolay Przhevalsky , Russian geographer and explorer (d. 1888)1845 – Gustaf Cederström , Swedish painter (d. 1933)1851 – José Gautier Benítez , Puerto Rican soldier and poet (d. 1880)1851 – Edward Walter Maunder , English astronomer and author (d. 1928)
1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann , German mathematician and academic (d. 1939)1856 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington , English mountaineer, cartographer, and politician (d. 1937)1863 – Raul Pompeia , Brazilian writer (d. 1895)1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki , Japanese admiral (d. 1918)[ 37] 1869 – Henri Désiré Landru , French serial killer (d. 1922)1871 – Ioannis Metaxas , Greek general and politician, 130th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1941)[ 38] 1874 – William B. Bankhead , American lawyer and politician, 47th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1940)1880 – Addie Joss , American baseball player and journalist (d. 1911)1883 – Imogen Cunningham , American photographer and educator (d. 1976)1883 – Dally Messenger , Australian rugby player, cricketer, and sailor (d. 1959)
1884 – Tenby Davies , Welsh runner (d. 1932)1884 – Otto Meyerhof , German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
1885 – Robert Delaunay , French painter (d. 1941)1887 – Harold Lockwood , American actor and director (d. 1918)1888 – Dan Ahearn , Irish-American long jumper and police officer (d. 1942)1888 – Cecil Kimber , English automobile engineer (d. 1945)
1892 – Henry Darger , American writer and artist (d. 1973)1894 – Dorothy Cumming , Australian-American actress (d. 1983)1894 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes , Portuguese field marshal and politician, 13th President of Portugal (d. 1964)
1898 – Lily Pons , French-American soprano and actress (d. 1976)
1901 – Lowell Stockman , American farmer and politician (d. 1962)1902 – Louis Beel , Dutch academic and politician, 36th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)1903 – Jan Tinbergen , Dutch economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)1907 – Felix de Weldon , Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (d. 2003)1907 – Zawgyi , Burmese poet, author, literary historian, critic, scholar and academic (d. 1990)
1908 – Ida Pollock , English author and painter (d. 2013)1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr. , American pilot and general (d. 2006)
1910 – Gillo Dorfles , Italian art critic, painter and philosopher (d. 2018)1910 – Irma Rapuzzi , French politician (d. 2018)
1911 – Mahmoud Younis , Egyptian engineer (d. 1976)1912 – Frank Dilio , Canadian businessman (d. 1997)1912 – Hamengkubuwono IX , Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
1912 – Hound Dog Taylor , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
1913 – Keiko Fukuda , Japanese-American martial artist (d. 2013)1914 – Armen Alchian , American economist and academic (d. 2013)1916 – Beverly Cleary , American author (d. 2021)[ 39] 1916 – Russell Garcia , American-New Zealand composer and conductor (d. 2011)[ 40]
1916 – Benjamin Libet , American neuropsychologist and academic (d. 2007)
1917 – Helen Forrest , American singer and actress (d. 1999)1917 – Vinoo Mankad , Indian cricketer (d. 1978)
1917 – Robert Manzon , French racing driver (d. 2015)
1919 – István Anhalt , Hungarian-Canadian composer and educator (d. 2012)1919 – Billy Vaughn , American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)
1921 – Robert Cliche , Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1978)1922 – Simon Kapwepwe , Zambian politician, 2nd Vice President of Zambia (d. 1980)1923 – Ann Miller , American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2004)1924 – Raymond Barre , French economist and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2007)1924 – Peter Safar , Austrian physician and academic (d. 2003)
1924 – Curtis Turner , American race car driver (d. 1970)
1925 – Evelyn Berezin , American computer scientist and engineer (d. 2018)1925 – Ned Miller , American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
1925 – Oliver Postgate , English animator, puppeteer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1926 – Jane Withers , American actress (d. 2021)[ 41] 1927 – Thomas Hemsley , English baritone (d. 2013)[ 42] 1927 – Alvin Sargent , American screenwriter (d. 2019)[ 43]
1928 – Hardy Krüger , German actor (d. 2022)[ 44] 1928 – Jean-François Paillard , French conductor (d. 2013)
1929 – Elspet Gray , Scottish actress (d. 2013)1929 – Mukhran Machavariani , Georgian poet and educator (d. 2010)
1930 – John Landy , Australian runner and politician, 26th Governor of Victoria (d. 2022)[ 45] 1930 – Bryan Magee , English philosopher and politician (d. 2019)
1930 – Manuel Neri , American sculptor and painter (d. 2021)[ 46]
1930 – Pythagoras Papastamatiou , Greek lyricist and playwright (d. 1979) [ 47]
1930 – Michał Życzkowski , Polish technician and educator (d. 2006)
1931 – Leonid Derbenyov , Russian poet and songwriter (d. 1995)1932 – Lakshman Kadirgamar , Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 5th Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2005)1932 – Herbert Butros Khaury , American singer and ukulele player (d. 1996)
1932 – Jean-Pierre Marielle , French actor (d. 2019)
1933 – Montserrat Caballé , Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2018)1934 – Heinz Schneiter , Swiss footballer and manager (d. 2017)1935 – Jimmy Makulis , Greek singer (d. 2007) [ 48] 1936 – Tony Earl , American politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 2023)[ 49] 1936 – Charles Napier , American actor (d. 2011)
1936 – Kennedy Simmonds , Kittitian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
1937 – Dennis Banks , American author and activist (d. 2017)1937 – Igor Volk , Ukrainian-Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
1939 – Alan Ayckbourn , English director and playwright1939 – Johnny Raper , Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2022)
1940 – Woodie Fryman , American baseball player (d. 2011)1940 – Herbie Hancock , American pianist, composer, and bandleader
1941 – Bobby Moore , English footballer and manager (d. 1993)[ 50] 1942 – Bill Bryden , Scottish actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2022)1942 – Carlos Reutemann , Argentinian race car driver and politician (d. 2021)
1942 – Jacob Zuma , South African politician, 4th President of South Africa
1943 – Sumitra Mahajan , Indian politician, 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha 1944 – Lisa Jardine , English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)1944 – John Kay , German-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1945 – Lee Jong-wook , South Korean physician and diplomat (d. 2006)1946 – John Dunsworth , Canadian actor and comedian (d. 2017)[ 51] 1946 – Ed O'Neill , American actor and comedian
1946 – George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen , Scottish politician and diplomat, 10th Secretary General of NATO
1947 – Roy M. Anderson , English epidemiologist, zoologist, and academic1947 – Martin Brasier , English palaeontologist, biologist, and academic (d. 2014)
1947 – Tom Clancy , American historian and author (d. 2013)[ 52]
1947 – David Letterman , American comedian and talk show host
1947 – Wayne Northrop , American actor (d. 2024)[ 53]
1948 – Jeremy Beadle , English television host and producer (d. 2008)1948 – Joschka Fischer , German academic and politician
1948 – Christos Iakovou , Greek weightlifter [ 54]
1948 – Marcello Lippi , Italian footballer, manager, and coach
1949 – Scott Turow , American lawyer and author[ 55] 1949 – Pravin Gordhan , South African politician (d. 2024)[ 56]
1950 – Joyce Banda , Malawian politician, 4th president of Malawi[ 57] 1950 – Flavio Briatore , Italian businessman[ 58]
1950 – David Cassidy , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
1950 – Nicholas Sackman , English composer and educator
1951 – Tom Noonan , American actor1952 – Reuben Gant , American football player1952 – Leicester Rutledge , New Zealand rugby player
1952 – Gary Soto , American poet, novelist, and memoirist
1952 – Ralph Wiley , American journalist (d. 2004)
1953 – Tanino Liberatore , Italian author and illustrator1954 – John Faulkner , Australian educator and politician, 52nd Australian Minister for Defence 1954 – Steve Stevaert , Belgian businessman and politician (d. 2015)
1954 – Pat Travers , Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1955 – Fabian Hamilton , English graphic designer, engineer, and politician1956 – Andy Garcia , Cuban-American actor, director, and producer1956 – Herbert Grönemeyer , German singer-songwriter and actor
1957 – Greg Child , Australian mountaineer and author1957 – Vince Gill , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1957 – Tama Janowitz , American novelist and short story writer
1958 – Will Sergeant , English guitarist1958 – Klaus Tafelmeier , German javelin thrower
1958 – Ginka Zagorcheva , Bulgarian hurdler
1960 – David Thirdkill , American basketball player[ 59] 1961 – Corrado Fabi , Italian racing driver1961 – Charles Mann , American football player and sportscaster
1961 – Magda Szubanski , English-Australian actress, comedian and writer
1962 – Art Alexakis , American singer-songwriter and musician1962 – Carlos Sainz , Spanish racing driver
1962 – Nobuhiko Takada , Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler, founded Hustle
1963 – Lydia Cacho , Mexican journalist and author1964 – Chris Fairclough , English footballer and coach[ 60] 1964 – Amy Ray , American folk-rock singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer
1965 – Kim Bodnia , Danish actor and director1965 – Chi Onwurah , English politician
1965 – Gervais Rufyikiri , Burundian politician
1965 – Mihai Stoica , Romanian footballer and manager
1966 – Nils-Olav Johansen , Norwegian guitarist and singer1966 – Lorenzo White , American football player
1967 – Sarah Cracknell , English singer-songwriter1968 – Alicia Coppola , American actress1968 – Toby Gad , German songwriter and producer
1968 – Adam Graves , Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Michael Jackson , American football player and politician (d. 2017)1969 – Jörn Lenz , German footballer and manager
1969 – Lucas Radebe , South African footballer and sportscaster
1970 – Sylvain Bouchard , Canadian speed skater1971 – Nicholas Brendon , American actor1971 – Shannen Doherty , American actress, director, and producer (d. 2024)[ 61]
1972 – Paul Lo Duca , American baseball player and sportscaster1973 – J. Scott Campbell , American author and illustrator1973 – Ryan Kisor , American trumpet player and composer
1973 – Antonio Osuna , Mexican-American baseball player
1973 – Christian Panucci , Italian footballer and manager
1974 – Belinda Emmett , Australian actress (d. 2006)1974 – Bryan Fletcher , Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
1974 – Roman Hamrlík , Czech ice hockey player
1974 – Marley Shelton , American actress
1974 – Sylvinho , Brazilian footballer and manager
1976 – Olga Kotlyarova , Russian runner1976 – Brad Miller , American basketball player
1977 – Giovanny Espinoza , Ecuadorian footballer1977 – Sarah Monahan , Australian actress
1977 – Jason Price , Welsh footballer
1977 – Glenn Rogers , Australian-Scottish cricketer
1978 – Guy Berryman , Scottish bassist (Coldplay )[ 62] 1978 – Scott Crary , American director, producer, and screenwriter
1978 – Svetlana Lapina , Russian high jumper
1978 – Robin Walker , English businessman and politician
1979 – Claire Danes , American actress1979 – Elena Grosheva , Russian gymnast
1979 – Mateja Kežman , Serbian footballer
1979 – Jennifer Morrison , American actress
1979 – Cristian Ranalli , Italian footballer
1979 – Lee Soo-young , South Korean singer
1980 – Sara Head , Welsh Paralympic table tennis champion1980 – Brian McFadden , Irish singer-songwriter
1981 – Yuriy Borzakovskiy , Russian runner1981 – Nicolás Burdisso , Argentinian footballer
1981 – Tulsi Gabbard , American politician
1981 – Grant Holt , English footballer and professional wrestler
1981 – Hisashi Iwakuma , Japanese baseball pitcher
1983 – Jelena Dokic , Serbian-Australian tennis player1983 – Luke Kibet , Kenyan runner
1984 – Aleksey Dmitrik , Russian high jumper1985 – Brennan Boesch , American baseball player1985 – Hitomi Yoshizawa , Japanese singer
1986 – Brad Brach , American baseball pitcher1986 – Blerim Džemaili , Swiss footballer
1986 – Marcel Granollers , Spanish tennis player
1986 – Jonathan Pitroipa , Burkinabé footballer
1987 – Luiz Adriano , Brazilian professional footballer1987 – Brooklyn Decker , American model and actress
1987 – Shawn Gore , Canadian football player
1987 – Josh McCrone , Australian rugby league player
1987 – Brendon Urie , American singer, songwriter, musician and multi-instrumentalist
1988 – Ricky Álvarez , Argentinian footballer1988 – Stephen Brogan , English footballer
1988 – Amedeo Calliari , Italian footballer
1988 – Jessie James Decker , American singer-songwriter
1988 – Moamen Zakaria , Egyptian footballer[ 63]
1989 – Bethan Dainton , Welsh rugby union player1989 – Ádám Hanga , Hungarian basketball player
1989 – Miguel Ángel Ponce , American-Mexican footballer
1989 – Valentin Stocker , Swiss footballer
1989 – Kaitlyn Weaver , Canadian-American ice dancer
1990 – Francesca Halsall , English swimmer1990 – Hiroki Sakai , Japanese footballer
1991 – Lionel Carole , French professional footballer1991 – Torey Krug , American ice hockey player
1991 – Oliver Norwood , English born Northern Irish international footballer[ 64]
1991 – Magnus Pääjärvi , Swedish ice hockey player
1991 – Jazz Richards , Welsh international footballer[ 65]
1992 – Chad le Clos , South African swimmer1993 – Robin Anderson , American tennis player[ 66] 1993 – Jordan Archer , English-Scottish footballer
1993 – Ryan Nugent-Hopkins , Canadian ice hockey player[ 67]
1994 – Eric Bailly , Ivorian professional footballer1994 – Isabelle Drummond , Brazilian actress and singer
1994 – Guido Rodríguez , Argentine footballer
1994 – Saoirse Ronan , American-born Irish actress
1994 – Oh Sehun , South Korean musician
1995 – Pedro Cachin , Argentine tennis player1996 – Matteo Berrettini , Italian tennis player[ 68] 1996 – Elizaveta Kulichkova , Russian tennis player
Deaths
Pre-1600
45 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius , Roman general and politician (b. 75 BC)352 – Julius I , pope of the Catholic Church[ 69] 434 – Maximianus , archbishop of Constantinople901 – Eudokia Baïana , Byzantine empress and wife of Leo VI 1125 – Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)1167 – Charles VII , king of Sweden (b. c. 1130)1256 – Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre , regent of Navarre (b. c. 1217)1443 – Henry Chichele , English archbishop (b. 1364)1500 – Leonhard of Gorizia , Count of Gorz (b. 1440)1530 – Joanna La Beltraneja , Princess of Castile (b. 1462)1550 – Claude, Duke of Guise (b. 1496)1555 – Joanna , Queen of Castile and Aragon (b. 1479)
1675 – Richard Bennett , English politician, colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)1684 – Nicola Amati , Italian instrument maker (b. 1596)1687 – Ambrose Dixon , English-American soldier (b. 1619)1704 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet , French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)1748 – William Kent , English architect, designed Holkham Hall and Chiswick House (b. 1685)1782 – Metastasio , Italian-Austrian poet and composer (b. 1698)1788 – Carlo Antonio Campioni , French-Italian composer (b. 1719)1795 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée , Bavarian general (b. 1710)1814 – Charles Burney , English composer and historian (b. 1726)1817 – Charles Messier , French astronomer and academic (b. 1730)1850 – Adoniram Judson , American lexicographer and missionary (b. 1788)1866 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , English politician, founded Fleetwood (b. 1801)1872 – Nikolaos Mantzaros , Greek composer and theorist (b. 1795)1878 – William M. Tweed , American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)1879 – Richard Taylor , Confederate general (b. 1826)1885 – William Crowther , Dutch-Australian politician, 14th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1817)[ 70] 1898 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau , Canadian cardinal (b. 1820)
1902 – Marie Alfred Cornu , French physicist and academic (b. 1842)1906 – Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya , Indian scholar, academic, and philanthropist (b. 1836)1912 – Clara Barton , American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (b. 1821)1933 – Adelbert Ames , American general and politician, 30th Governor of Mississippi (b. 1835)1937 – Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan , Turkish playwright and poet (b. 1852)1938 – Feodor Chaliapin , Russian opera singer (b. 1873)1943 – Viktor Puskar , Estonian colonel (b. 1889)1945 – Franklin D. Roosevelt , American lawyer and politician, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)1953 – Lionel Logue , Australian actor and therapist (b. 1880)1962 – Ron Flockhart , Scottish racing driver (b. 1923)1966 – Sydney Allard , English racing driver and founder of the Allard car company (b. 1910)1968 – Heinrich Nordhoff , German engineer (b. 1899)1971 – Ed Lafitte , American baseball player and dentist (b. 1886)1973 – Arthur Freed , American songwriter and producer (b. 1894)1975 – Josephine Baker , French actress, activist, and humanitarian (b. 1906)1976 – Christos Kakkalos , Greek mountain guide (b. 1882) [ 71] 1977 – Philip K. Wrigley , American businessman, co-founded Lincoln Park Gun Club (b. 1894)1980 – William R. Tolbert, Jr. , Liberian politician, 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)1981 – Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan (b. 1887)1981 – Joe Louis , American boxer and wrestler (b. 1914)
1983 – Jørgen Juve , Norwegian football player and journalist (b. 1906)1983 – Carl Morton , American baseball player (b. 1944)
1984 – Edwin T. Layton , American admiral and cryptanalyst (b. 1903)1986 – Valentin Kataev , Russian author and playwright (b. 1897)1988 – Colette Deréal , French singer and actress (b. 1927)1988 – Alan Paton , South African historian and author (b. 1903)
1989 – Abbie Hoffman , American activist, co-founded Youth International Party (b. 1936)1989 – Sugar Ray Robinson , American boxer (b. 1921)
1992 – Ilario Bandini , Italian racing driver and businessman (b. 1911)1997 – George Wald , American neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)1998 – Robert Ford , Canadian poet and diplomat (b. 1915)1999 – Boxcar Willie , American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)2001 – Harvey Ball , American illustrator, created the smiley (b. 1921)2002 – George Shevelov , Ukrainian-American linguist and philologist (b. 1908)2004 – Moran Campbell , Canadian physician and academic, invented the venturi mask (b. 1925)2006 – William Sloane Coffin , American minister and activist (b. 1924)2007 – Kevin Crease , Australian journalist (b. 1936)2008 – Cecilia Colledge , English-American figure skater and coach (b. 1920)2008 – Patrick Hillery , Irish physician and politician, 6th President of Ireland (b. 1923)
2008 – Jerry Zucker , Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1949)
2010 – Michel Chartrand , Canadian trade union leader (b. 1916)2010 – Werner Schroeter , German director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
2011 – Karim Fakhrawi , Bahraini journalist, co-founded Al-Wasat 2012 – Mohit Chattopadhyay , Indian poet and playwright (b. 1934)2012 – Rodgers Grant , American pianist and composer (b. 1935)
2013 – Robert Byrne , American chess player and author (b. 1928)2013 – Johnny du Plooy , South African boxer (b. 1964)
2013 – Michael France , American screenwriter (b. 1962)
2013 – Brennan Manning , American priest and author (b. 1934)
2013 – Annamária Szalai , Hungarian journalist and politician (b. 1961)
2013 – Ya'akov Yosef , Israeli rabbi and politician (b. 1946)
2014 – Pierre Autin-Grenier , French author and poet (b. 1947)2014 – Pierre-Henri Menthéour , French cyclist (b. 1960)
2014 – Maurício Alves Peruchi , Brazilian footballer (b. 1990)
2014 – Hal Smith , American baseball player and coach (b. 1931)
2014 – Billy Standridge , American race car driver (b. 1953)
2015 – Paulo Brossard , Brazilian jurist and politician (b. 1924)2015 – Patrice Dominguez , Algerian-French tennis player and trainer (b. 1950)
2015 – Alfred Eick , German commander (b. 1916)
2015 – André Mba Obame , Gabonese politician (b. 1957)
2016 – Mohammad Al Gaz , Emirati politician & diplomat (b. 1930)2016 – Anne Jackson , American actress (b. 1925)
2017 – Charlie Murphy , American actor and comedian (b. 1959)2020 – Tarvaris Jackson , American football player (b. 1983)[ 72] 2021 – Joseph Siravo , American actor and producer (b. 1955)[ 73] 2022 – Gilbert Gottfried , American comedian, actor, and singer (b. 1955)[ 74] 2024 – Roberto Cavalli , Italian fashion designer and inventor (b. 1940)[ 75] 2024 – Eleanor Coppola , American filmmaker (b. 1936)[ 76]
2024 – Robert MacNeil , Canadian-American journalist and author (b. 1931)[ 77]
Holidays and observances
References
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