Quiriguá

Quiriguá
Stela D
LokasiDepartemen Izabal, Guatemala
Koordinat15°16′10″N 89°2′25″W / 15.26944°N 89.04028°W / 15.26944; -89.04028
Sejarah
PeriodePraklasik Akhir hingga Postklasik Awal
BudayaPeradaban Maya
Nama resmi: Taman Arkeologi dan Reruntuhan Quiriguá
JenisBudaya
Kriteriai, ii, iv
Ditetapkan1981 (sesi ketujuh)
No. Referensi149
Negara anggotaGuatemala
RegionAmerika Latin dan Karibia

Quiriguá (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [kiɾiˈɣwa]) adalah sebuah situs arkeologi Maya yang terletak di Departemen Izabal, Guatemala tenggara. Situs ini merupakan situs berukuran sedang dengan luas sekitar 3 km2 di wilayah hilir Sungai Motagua[1] dengan pusat upacara yang terletak sekitar 1 km dari tepi utara.[2] Pada periode Maya Klasik (200-900 M), Quiriguá terletak di jalur perdagangan Maya yang penting. Situs ini mulai dihuni pada tahun 200, pembangunan akropolis dimulai sekitar tahun 550, dan pembangunan struktur-struktur besar dimulai pada abad ke-8. Semua proyek pembangunan berhenti pada tahun 850, kecuali selama periode singkat pada masa Postklasik sekitar tahun 900 hingga sekitar tahun 1200). Quiriguá memiliki gaya arsitektur yang serupa dengan kota Copán yang terletak tidak jauh dari situs ini.[3]

Quiriguá bangkit pada abad ke-8 berkat pencapaian Raja K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat yang berhasil mengalahkan Copán pada tahun 738. Salah satu penguasa terbesar Copán, Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil atau "18-Kelinci", dikalahkan oleh Quiriguá, ditawan dan kemudian dikorbankan di Alun-Alun Agung Quiriguá.[4] Sebelumnya, Quiriguá tunduk kepada Copán, tetapi tetap mempertahankan kemerdekaannya.

Gaya arsitektur di Quiriguá cukup sederhana, tetapi situs ini merupakan situs yang penting karena memiliki berbagai macam patung, termasuk patung monumental batu tertinggi di Dunia Baru.[5]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Ashmore 1980, hlm.24.
  2. ^ Sharer & Traxler 2006, hlm.352.
  3. ^ Miller 1999, hlm.49.
  4. ^ Looper 2003, hlm.4–5, 83.
  5. ^ Coe 1999, hlm. 121.

Daftar pustaka

Ashmore, Wendy (1980). "The Classic Maya Settlement at Quirigua: Recent agricultural activities have helped reveal the extent of the buried settlement" (PDF online publication). University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Diakses tanggal 2009-08-20. 
Ashmore, Wendy (January 1984). "Classic Maya Wells at Quirigua, Guatemala: Household Facilities in a Water-Rich Setting". American Antiquity. Menasha, Wisconsin: Society for American Archaeology. 49 (1): 147–153. doi:10.2307/280519. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 280519. OCLC 1479302. 
Ashmore, Wendy (2007). Settlement Archaeology at Quiriguá, Guatemala. University Museum monograph, no. 126; Quirigua Reports, vol. 4. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 978-1-931707-91-6. OCLC 74460023. 
Banco de Guatemala. "Monedas" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Banco de Guatemala. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-17. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
Coe, Michael D. (1999). The Maya. Ancient peoples and places series (edisi ke-6th, fully revised and expanded). London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28066-5. OCLC 59432778. 
Demarest, Arthur A.; Prudence M. Rice; Don Stephen Rice (2005). "The Terminal Classic in the Maya lowlands: Assessing collapses, transitions, and transformations". Dalam Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice. The Terminal Classic in the Maya lowlands: Collapse, transition, and transformation (edisi ke-1st pbk). Boulder: University Press of Colorado. hlm. 545–572. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499. 
Drew, David (1999). The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81699-3. OCLC 43401096. 
Huxley, Aldous (1950) [©1934]. Beyond the Mexique Bay: A Traveller's Journal (edisi ke-Reprint). London: Chatto & Windus. OCLC 256049361. 
Inforpress. "Diagnóstico de la Municipalidad de Los Amates Departamento de Izabal" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Inforpress Centroamericana. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
Jones, Christopher (1983). "Paper No. 13: Monument 26, Quirigua, Guatemala". Dalam Edward M. Schortman and Patricia A. Urban (volume eds.). Quirigua Reports II: Papers 6–15. University Museum monograph, no. 49; Quirigua reports, vol. 2. Robert J. Sharer (general ed.) (edisi ke-1st, cloth). Philadelphia. PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. hlm. 118–128. ISBN 978-0-934718-48-6. OCLC 67294894. 
Kelly, Joyce (1996). An Archaeological Guide to Northern Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2858-5. OCLC 34658843. 
Looper, Matthew G. (1999). "New Perspectives on the Late Classic Political History of Quirigua, Guatemala". Ancient Mesoamerica. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 10 (2): 263–280. doi:10.1017/S0956536199101135. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 86542758. 
Looper, Matthew G. (2003). Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70556-5. OCLC 52208614. 
Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325. 
Miller, Mary Ellen (1999). Maya Art and Architecture. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20327-X. OCLC 41659173. 
San Diego Museum of Man (a) (n.d.). "Casts of our Maya Monuments". San Diego Museum of Man. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-16. 
San Diego Museum of Man (b) (n.d.). "Maya: Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth". San Diego Museum of Man. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-08. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-16. 
Scarborough, Vernon L. (1991). "Courting in the Southern Maya Lowlands: A Study in Pre-Hispanic Ballgame Architecture". Dalam Vernon Scarborough; David R. Wilcox. The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. hlm. 129–144. ISBN 0-8165-1360-0. OCLC 51873028. 
Schele, Linda; Khristaan D. Villela. "Creation, Cosmos, and the Imagery of Palenque and Copan" (PDF online publication). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-11. 
Sharer, Robert J. (2000). "The Maya Highlands and the Adjacent Pacific Coast". Dalam Richard E.W. Adams; Murdo J. Macleod. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 449–499. ISBN 0-521-35165-0. OCLC 33359444. 
Sharer, Robert J.; David W. Sedat; Loa P. Traxler; Julia C. Miller; Ellen E. Bell (2005). "Early Classic Royal Power in Copan: The Origins and Development of the Acropolis (ca. AD 250–600)". Dalam E. Wyllys Andrews V; William L. Fash. Copán: The History of an Ancient Maya Kingdom. Santa Fe and Oxford: School of American Research Press and James Currey Ltd. ISBN 0-85255-981-X. OCLC 56194789. 
Sharer, Robert J.; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (edisi ke-6th, fully revised). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446. 
Sheets, Payson D. (2000). "The Southeast Frontiers of Mesoamerica". Dalam Richard E.W. Adams; Murdo J. Macleod. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 407–448. ISBN 0-521-35165-0. OCLC 33359444. 
Stross, Fred H.; Payson Sheets; Frank Asaro; Helen V. Michel (April 1983). "Precise Characterization of Guatemalan Obsidian Sources, and Source Determination of Artifacts from Quirigua". American Antiquity. Menasha, Wisconsin: Society for American Archaeology. 48 (2): 323–346. doi:10.2307/280454. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 280454. OCLC 1479302. 
Stuart, David; George Stuart (2008). Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05156-6. OCLC 227016561. 
Torres, Estuardo. "Parque Arqueológico Quiriguá" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 13, 2009. Diakses tanggal 2009-08-14. 
Trustees of the British Museum (n.d.). "Alfred P. Maudslay (1850–1931)". The British Museum: Explore/Highlights. Trustees of the British Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-20. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-10. 
Webster, David L. (2002). The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05113-5. OCLC 48753878. 


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