Persebaran geografis penutur bahasa Rusia
Artikel ini mendetail persebaran geografis penutur bahasa Rusia . Setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet pada 1991, status dari bahasa Rusia banyak menjadi bahan perdebatan. Beberapa negara-negara bekas Uni Soviet mengadopsi kebijakan derusifikasi yang bertujuan membalikkan tren sebelumnya yaitu Rusifikasi , sedangkan Belarus di bawah Aleksandr Lukashenko dan Federasi Rusia di bawah Vladimir Putin kembali memperkenalkan kebijakan Rusifikasi masing-masing pada 1990-an dan 2000-an.
Setelah kejatuhan Kekaisaran Rusia pada 1917, negara-negara yang baru merdeka segera melakukan kebijakan derusifikasi, yaitu negara Finlandia , Polandia , Estonia , Latvia , Lituania , dan Oblast Kars yang merupakan bagian dari Turki .
Statistik
Kompetensi bahasa Rusia di negara-negara bekas Uni Soviet selain Federasi Rusia , 2004
Penutur asli
Negara
Penutur
Persentase
Tahun
Referensi
Rusia
118.581.514
85,7%
2010
[ 1]
Ukraina
14.273.670
29,6%
2001
[ 2]
Belarus
6.672.964
70,2%
2009
[ 2] [ note 1]
Kazakhstan
3.793.800
21,2%
2017
[ 3] [ note 2]
Uzbekistan
720.300
2,1%
2021
[ 4]
Latvia
698.757
33,8%
2011
[ 2]
Kirgizstan
482.200
8,9%
2009
[ 5]
Estonia
383.118
29,6%
2011
[ 2]
Turkmenistan
305.802
5,4%
2016
[ 6]
Moldova
264.162
9,7%
2014
[ 7]
Lituania
190.733
6,8%
2021
[ 2] [ 8]
Azerbaijan
122.449
1,4%
2009
[ 2]
Georgia
45.920
1,2%
2014
[ 2]
Tajikistan
40.598
0,5%
2012
[ 2]
Armenia
23.484
0,8%
2011
[ 2]
Australia
54.874
0,2%
2022
[ 9]
Austria
8.446
0,1%
2001
[ 2]
Kanada
112.150
0,3%
2011
[ 2]
Kroasia
1.592
0,04%
2011
[ 2]
Siprus
20.984
2,5%
2011
[ 2]
Republik Ceko
31.622
0,3%
2011
[ 2]
Finlandia
87.552
1,6%
2021
[ 10]
Jerman
2.257.000
2,8%
2010
[ 11] [ note 3]
Guinea-Bissau
2.104
0,14%
2009
[ 2]
Israel
1.155.960
15%
2011
[ 12] [ note 4]
Mauritius
40
0,003%
2011
[ 2]
Selandia Baru
7.896
0,2%
2006
[ 2]
Norwegia
16.833
0,3%
2012
[ 2]
Polandia
21.916
0,1%
2011
[ 2]
Rumania
23.487
0,11%
2011
[ 13]
Serbia
3.179
0,04%
2011
[ 2]
Slowakia
1.866
0,03%
2001
[ 2]
Swedia
29.000
0,3%
2012
[ 14]
Amerika Serikat
900.205
0,3%
2016
[ 15]
Wilayah subnasional
Wilayah
Negara
Penutur L1
Persentase
Tahun
Referensi
County Harju
Estonia
208.517
37,7%
2011
[ 16]
County Ida-Viru
Estonia
121.680
81,6%
2011
[ 16]
Uusimaa
Finlandia
38.576
2,36%
2018
[ 17]
Wilayah Riga
Latvia
326.478
55,8%
2011
[ 18]
Wilayah Pieriga
Latvia
87.769
25,9%
2011
[ 18]
Wilayah Vidzeme
Latvia
16.682
8,4%
2011
[ 18]
Wilayah Kurzeme
Latvia
47.213
19,3%
2011
[ 18]
Wilayah Zemgale
Latvia
54.761
23,3%
2011
[ 18]
Wilayah Latgale
Latvia
165.854
60,3%
2011
[ 18]
County Klaipėda
Lituania
34.074
10,57%
2021
[ 8]
County Utena
Lithuania
18.551
14,54%
2021
[ 8]
County Vilnius
Lituania
109.045
13,45%
2021
[ 8]
Krimea
Ukraina
1.842.606
84,1%
2014
[ 19]
Penutur asli dan non-asli
Bekas Uni Soviet
Negara lainnya
Lihat pula
Catatan
^ Data note: "Data refer to mother tongue, defined as the language usually spoken in the individual's home in his or her early childhood." (From the Footnotes section in the cited source)
^ Based on a 2016 population of 17,855,000 (UN Statistics Division Diarsipkan 2014-01-25 di Wayback Machine .)
^ Population data by Eurostat, using the source year. "The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of the respective year" . ec.europa.eu . Diakses tanggal 2018-11-08 .
^ Based on a 2011 population of 7,706,400 (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel [pranala nonaktif permanen ] )
^ Includes 383,118 native and 545,537 non-native speakers.
^ People aged 15 and above who can read and write Russian well.
^ Data refers to the resident population aged 15 years and over.
^ Includes 190,733 native and 1,703,425 non-native speakers.
^ Data note: "Including all of persons who stated each language spoken, whether as their only language or as one of several languages. Where a person reported more than one language spoken, they have been counted in each applicable group."
Referensi
^ "Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку" . gks.ru . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2018-10-28 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence" . UNdata. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015 .
^ Zubacheva, Ksenia (16 May 2017). "Why Russian is still spoken in the former Soviet republics" . Russia Beyond The Headlines . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 June 2017. Diakses tanggal 10 June 2017 .
^ "Опубликованы данные об этническом составе населения Узбекистана" . Газета.uz . August 20, 2021.
^ a b "Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009" (PDF) . UN Stats. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 10 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2015 .
^ "Russian language in decline as post-Soviet states reject it" . Financial Times . 13 April 2017. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2018 .
^ "Structure of population by mother tongue, in territorial aspect in 2014" . Statistica.md. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 10 June 2017 .
^ a b c d e "Population and Housing Census 2021" . Statistics Lithuania . Diakses tanggal 27 September 2022 .
^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile" . profile.id.com.au .
^ "Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2021" . Statistics Finland. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2023 .
^ Berlin, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (2011-11-09). "KAT38 Occupation, Profession" . Adult Education Survey (AES 2010 - Germany) (dalam bahasa Inggris). GESIS Data Archive. doi :10.4232/1.10825 . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-09. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-09 .
^ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics . "Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages (Hebrew Only)" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2013 .
^ Constantin, Marin (2014). "The ethno-cultural belongingness of Aromanians, Vlachs, Catholics, and Lipovans/Old Believers in Romania and Bulgaria (1990–2012)" (PDF) . Revista Română de Sociologie . Bucharest . 25 (3–4): 255–285.
^ "Här är 20 största språken i Sverige" . Språktidningen (dalam bahasa Swedish). 28 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2023 .
^ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over" . American FactFinder, factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. 2017. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 February 2020. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2018 .
^ a b "RL0433: Population by mother tongue, sex, age group and administrative unit, 31 December 2011" . Statistics Estonia . Diakses tanggal 20 November 2018 .
^ "Väestö 31.12. Muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot" .
^ a b c d e f "TSG11-071. Ethnicities of resident population in statistical regions, cities under state jurisdiction and counties by language mostly spoken at home; on 1 March 2011" . Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia . Diakses tanggal 24 November 2018 .
^ "4.6. Население отдельных национальностей по родному языку" . gks.ru . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2018 .
^ "Population (urban, rural) by Ethnicity, Sex and Fluency in Other Language" (PDF) . ArmStat. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 19 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2017 .
^ "Distribution of population by native language and freely command of languages (based on 2009 population census)" . State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2017 .
^ "PC0444: Population By Mother Tongue, Command Of Foreign Languages, Sex, Age Group And County, 31 December 2011" . Stat.ee. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 December 2014. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2017 .
^ "Results of the 2009 National population census of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (PDF) . Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 27 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2017 .
^ "Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан" (PDF) . Агентство по статистике при Президенте Республики Таджикистан. hlm. 58. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 13 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2017 .
^ "Украинцы лучше владеют русским языком, чем украинским: соцопрос" . ИА REGNUM .
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref>
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^ "Központi Statisztikai Hivatal" . www.ksh.hu .
^ "Europeans and their languages" . Publications Office of the EU. 20 June 2013.
Pranala luar
Templat:Bahasa Rusia
Templat:Persebaran geografis bahasa