Dalam pemikiran Marxis, masyarakat komunis atau sistem komunis adalah jenis masyarakat dan sistem ekonomi yang diperkirakan akan muncul dari kemajuan teknologi dalam hal tenaga-tenaga produktif. Masyarakat komunis merupakan tujuan utama ideologi politik Komunisme. Masyarakat komunis memiliki ciri khas berupa kepemilikan bersama alat produksi dengan akses bebas[1][2] terhadap barang jadi, dan masyarakat tersebut tak berkelas dan tak bernegara,[3] sehingga juga akan mengakhiri eksploitasi buruh.
Istilah "masyarakat komunis" berbeda dari konsep Barat "negara komunis", yang merujuk kepada sebuah negara yang diperintah oleh sebuah partai yang berpaham Marxisme–Leninisme.[4][5]
Referensi
- ^ Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. hlm. 66. ISBN 978-0875484495.
Marx distinguishes between two phases of marketless communism: an initial phase, with labor vouchers, and a higher phase, with free access.
- ^ Busky, Donald F. (July 20, 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. hlm. 4. ISBN 978-0275968861.
Communism would mean free distribution of goods and services. The communist slogan, 'From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs' (as opposed to 'work') would then rule
- ^ O'Hara, Phillip (September 2003). Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. hlm. 836. ISBN 0-415-24187-1.
it influenced Marx to champion the ideas of a 'free association of producers' and of self-management replacing the centralized state.
- ^ Busky, Donald F. (July 20, 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-0275968861.
In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism.
- ^ Wilczynski, J. (2008). The Economics of Socialism after World War Two: 1945-1990. Aldine Transaction. hlm. 21. ISBN 978-0202362281.
Contrary to Western usage, these countries describe themselves as ‘Socialist’ (not ‘Communist’). The second stage (Marx’s ‘higher phase’), or ‘Communism’ is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs (not work), the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate ‘whithering away of the state.
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