庚酸炔諾酮 商品名 Noristerat, others 其他名稱 NETE; NET-EN; Norethindrone enanthate; SH-393; 17α-Ethynyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-enanthate; 17α-Ethynylestra-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-enanthate AHFS /Drugs.com 国际药品名称 给药途径 肌肉注射 藥物類別 孕激素 ; 合成孕激素 ; 孕激素酯 ATC碼 法律規範
[(9S ,10R ,13S ,14S ,17R )-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a ]phenanthren-17-yl] heptanoate
CAS号 3836-23-5 Y PubChem CID DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.021.207 化学式 C 27 H 38 O 3 摩尔质量 410.60 g·mol−1 3D模型(JSmol )
CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C
InChI=1S/C27H38O3/c1-4-6-7-8-9-25(29)30-27(5-2)17-15-24-23-12-10-19-18-20(28)11-13-21(19)22(23)14-16-26(24,27)3/h2,18,21-24H,4,6-17H2,1,3H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,26-,27-/m0/s1
Key:APTGJECXMIKIET-WOSSHHRXSA-N
庚酸炔諾酮 又名庚酸酯炔諾酮 (Norethisterone enanthate 或 norethindrone enanthate,NETE),是一种純孕激素避孕針 ,用于協助女性避孕[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 。可以在分娩 ,流产 或堕胎 后使用[ 1] 。每年避孕失败率約为每 100 名女性有 2 名[ 4] 。每剂可持续两个月,通常建议最多打两剂[ 5] [ 1] 。
副作用包括乳房疼痛 、頭痛 、抑鬱 、月經不規律 以及注射部位疼痛 [ 5] 。不建议肝病 患者使用,也不建议孕妇使用,因有导致畸胎 的风险[ 1] 。母乳哺育 期使用似乎安全[ 1] 。它不能预防性传播感染 [ 1] 。 庚酸炔諾酮是炔诺酮 的酯 化合物和前驅藥物 , [ 6] 人體會將它代謝成炔諾酮後才產生作用[ 1] 。它會抑制排卵 ,以达到避孕效果[ 1] 。
庚酸炔諾酮于 1951 年获得专利 ,并于 1957 年用于医疗[ 7] [ 8] 。名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单 [ 9] 。它已在 60 多个国家取得使用許可,包括英国 和部分欧洲 、中美洲 和非洲 国家,與戊酸雌二醇 組合的複方藥則至少在 36 个国家使用,主要是在拉丁美洲 [ 4] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] 。此药物並未在美国 上市[ 10] 。
參見
参考文獻
^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Noristerat 200mg, solution for intramuscular injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC) . www.medicines.org.uk. [31 December 2016] . (原始内容 存档于31 December 2016).
^ J. Elks. The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies . Springer. 14 November 2014: 886–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3 . (原始内容 存档于5 November 2017).
^ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory . Taylor & Francis US. 2000: 750 [30 May 2012] . ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1 . (原始内容 存档于28 May 2013).
^ 4.0 4.1 Committee on Contraceptive Development (U.S.). Luigi Mastroianni; Peter J. Donaldson; Thomas T. Kane , 编. Developing New Contraceptives: Obstacles and Opportunities . National Academies. 1 January 1990: 38 –. NAP:14119.
^ 5.0 5.1 World Health Organization . WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 370. ISBN 9789241547659 .
^ Wu L, Janagam DR, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. Long-acting injectable hormonal dosage forms for contraception. Pharmaceutical Research. 2015, 32 (7): 2180–91. PMID 25899076 . doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1686-2 .
^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 478. ISBN 9783527607495 . (原始内容 存档于2016-12-20) (英语) .
^ Vern L. Bullough. Encyclopedia of Birth Control . ABC-CLIO. 2001: 145–. ISBN 978-1-57607-181-6 . (原始内容 存档于2017-11-05).
^ World Health Organization . World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ 10.0 10.1 Amy Whitaker; Melissa Gilliam. Contraception for Adolescent and Young Adult Women . Springer. 27 June 2014: 96. ISBN 978-1-4614-6579-9 . (原始内容 存档于5 November 2017).
^ Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S. Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control (PDF) . World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014, 3 (10): 364–392 [2018-08-02 ] . ISSN 2278-4357 . (原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2017-08-10).
^ Newton JR, D'arcangues C, Hall PE. A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 1994,. 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. PMID 12290848 . doi:10.3109/01443619409027641 .
外部連結
激动药 抗雄激素
AR 受体拮抗剂 类固醇生成抑制剂
抗促性腺激素
D2 receptor antagonist s (prolactin releaser s) (e.g., domperidone , 甲氧氯普胺 , risperidone , haloperidol , 氯丙嗪 , sulpiride )
Estrogen s (e.g., bifluranol , 己烯雌酚 , 雌二醇 , estradiol ester s, ethinylestradiol , ethinylestradiol sulfonate , paroxypropione )
GnRH agonist s (e.g., leuprorelin )
GnRH antagonist s (e.g., cetrorelix )
Progestogen s (incl., chlormadinone acetate , 醋酸环丙孕酮 , hydroxyprogesterone caproate , gestonorone caproate , medroxyprogesterone acetate , megestrol acetate )
其它
雌激素
ER (雌激素受體 ) 激動劑
(甾體 類) Alfatradiol
某些雄激素 /合成类固醇 (e.g., testosterone , testosterone ester s, methyltestosterone , metandienone , nandrolone esters ) (via estrogenic metabolites)
某些黃體製劑 (例如:諾瑞酮 ,左炔诺孕酮二醋酸酯 ,替前列酮 )
氯米酮
醋酸邻雌二醇
共轭雌三醇
共轭雌激素
环雌三醇
环雌甲酮
酯化雌激素
雌四醇 †
雌二醇
Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate , estradiol benzoate , estradiol cypionate , estradiol enanthate , estradiol undecylate , estradiol valerate , polyestradiol phosphate , estradiol ester mixture s (Climacteron ))
Estramustine phosphate
Estriol
Estriol esters (e.g., estriol succinate , polyestriol phosphate )
Estrogenic substances
Estrone
Estrone esters
* Estrone sulfate
* Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
Ethinylestradiol #
* Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Nilestriol
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
Prasterone enanthate
Prasterone sulfate
Promestriene
Quinestradol
Quinestrol
(非甾體類 ) Benzestrol
Bifluranol
Chlorotrianisene
Dienestrol
双乙酸双烯雌酚
乙烯雌酚 (己烯雌酚 (stilbestrol))
Diethylstilbestrol esters/ethers
Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether)
Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
Hexestrol
Hexestrol esters
Methallenestril
Methestrol (promethestrol)
Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
Paroxypropione
Quadrosilan
Triphenylbromoethylene
Triphenylchloroethylene
Zeranol
促性腺激素
抗雌激素
ER 拮抗剂 (包含SERMs /SERDs )芳香酶抑制剂 抗性腺激素
雄激素 /合成類固酮 (例如 睪酮 , 睪酮酯 , nandrolone esters , oxandrolone , 氟氧孕酮 )
D2 receptor antagonist s (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone , metoclopramide , risperidone , haloperidol , chlorpromazine , sulpiride )
GnRH agonist s (e.g., leuprorelin , goserelin )
GnRH antagonist s (e.g., cetrorelix , elagolix )
Progestogen s (e.g., chlormadinone acetate , cyproterone acetate , gestonorone caproate , hydroxyprogesterone caproate , medroxyprogesterone acetate , megestrol acetate )
其他