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උදවු:සබැඳි
This page explains how to make the wikilink, interwiki link, or external web link (as hyperlinks) connections on Wikipedia, which gives readers one-click access to other Wikipedia pages, other Wikimedia projects, and external websites. A link has various (changeable) appearances on the "anchor" page, and the "target" page, which owns the "backlinks", and which can count the links to it with the WP:What links here tool. For a short list of some basic shortcuts, see Wikipedia:Cheatsheet. For guidelines on how links should be used in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking. Wikilinks (internal links)A wikilink (or internal link) is a link from one page to another page within the English Wikipedia, or, more generally, within the same Wikipedia (e.g. within the French Wikipedia), in other words: within the same domain, or, even more generally, within the same Wikimedia project (e.g. within Wiktionary). Links are enclosed in doubled square brackets: Use a vertical bar "|" (the "pipe" symbol) to create a link which appears as a term other than the name of the target page. Links of this kind are said to be "piped". The first term inside the brackets is the title of the page you would be taken to (the link target), and anything after the vertical bar is what the link looks like for the reader on the original page (the link label). For example: See Help:Pipe trick for how to generate some common forms of piped links without typing text after the "|". Letters and other non-punctuation text immediately (i.e. without a space) after the closing brackets of a wikilink becomes part of the label (meaning it is shown in the same colour as the label) without changing the target. This is useful for plurals and verb forms which only add something at the end. For example:
This not only saves the active editor time, it also makes the code easier to read; the latter is why it should always be done where possible. More complicated examples:
The link target is case-sensitive except for the first character (so If the target of a wikilink does not exist, it is displayed in a red color and is called a "red link". Here is a red link example. To see what the tool tip tells you about a red link and what is displayed at the bottom left corner, move your mouse pointer into this red link. If a red link is clicked, the user is taken to a blank page where it is possible to create a page using that red linked title. While on that blank page, other red links to this (non-existent) title can be detected using the "What links here" feature. If the target of a link is the same as the page on which it appears (a self-link), it is displayed in bold font, as with: Help:Link. Yes, its wiki code is actually When an edit is previewed before saving, if the target of a newly made link turns out to be a disambiguation page, such as the Peacemaker page, the link should be changed to one of the choices on that page unless the link is purposely in a hatnote. If necessary, the new link can be piped, such as in Attempting to link normally to an image page, category page or interlanguage link will produce a different effect: this will respectively place the image on the page, add the page to the category, or create an interlanguage link at the edge of the page. To override this behavior, insert an initial colon ":", as in Less common ways in which link targets are reinterpreted are described below in #Conversion to canonical form. Inserting and deleting internal links
There are some helpful tools:
Interwiki linksAn interwiki link links to a page on another Wikimedia project website, such as Meta or another language Wikipedia. The target site must be on the interwiki map specified for the source wiki. These links have the same [[...]] syntax as wikilinks (see previously), but take a prefix ":x:" which specifies the target site. For example, Interwiki links can be piped, just as with wikilinks. Remember that an interlanguage link should be preceded by a colon if it is to be displayed, where it is inserted in the text, as an inline interlanguage link; otherwise it will be displayed in the list of interlanguage links at the side of the page (which is appropriate only if it is the most closely corresponding page in the other language Wikipedia). Thus (incorporating the pipe trick), Interwiki links (like external links) are displayed in a slightly paler blue than ordinary wikilinks. The MediaWiki page formatting does not detect whether these target pages exist, so they are never displayed in red. External linksExternal links use URLs to link directly to any web page. External links are enclosed in single square brackets (rather than double brackets as with internal links), with the optional link text separated from the URL by a space (not a "|" as with internal links). When rendered, external links are followed by an external link icon. For example,
will be rendered as The URL must be specified in full, including the protocol: for example When no link text is specified, external links appear numbered: For more detailed information on external linking practices, see Help:URL § Linking to URLs. Also note that Special:LinkSearch can be used to find all pages linking to a given site. The external link syntax can also be used to link to particular pages within Wikipedia that are not accessible by wikilinks, such as page history, the edit view, an old version of a page, the diff between two versions, etc. It can also be used to create a navigational image. To display an external link without the arrow icon, place the external link syntax between http: and https:In mid-2015, Wikipedia and all other Wikimedia sites were changed to use HTTPS to encrypt all traffic. Accessing a URL like In the past, when Wikipedia could be accessed via either HTTP or HTTPS, a protocol-relative URL could be used to make an external link (or external-style link to an internal page) which would use What is an "anchor"?The word "anchor" has two opposing meanings:
The anchor template proceeds to automatically create some invisible coding from certain text in the template in the "landing place", taking into account certain parameters in reference templates in general.
Section linking (anchors)To link to a section or subsection in another page, append a
For linking in the same page, omit the page name and use a
Omitting the page name is recommended when linking to a section in the same page because the link will work as expected when previewing changes or after moving the page. Note that Template To link to a section so that it is formatted with the section symbol instead (Page name § Section name rather than as Page name#Section name), use the template {{Section link}} (or {{slink}}):
When using the template, certain characters
For example, the section "[Closed] Complaint" can be linked with For more information, see Help:Section. See also Wikipedia:Redirect § Targeted and untargeted redirects. SpecificsWhen a link contains a section title (as in the examples above), the title actually points to an HTML anchor on the target page. In addition to anchors created automatically by section titles, there are times when it's advantageous to create an anchor on a smaller unit of text, such as a specific paragraph (see § Linking to part of a section below). This can be done using {{Anchor|anchor name}}, or alternatively, the HTML code Section links still work through page names that are redirects. For example, if Danzig redirects to Gdańsk, then Danzig#History will link to the "History" section of the article Gdańsk. It is also possible for the target of a redirect to be defined as a specific section or anchor of a page (these work only if JavaScript is enabled). Indeed, , it may be preferable to define such redirects, and use them when linking to those sections/anchors, rather than linking using the For example, Wikipedia:Section link redirects specifically to the section Help:Link#Section linking (anchors) on this page. A quirk of the way this works is that if one were to add a section name when using such a link, it would override the section specified by the redirect. So Wikipedia:Section link#Interwiki links would go to the "Interwiki links" section of this page. Such overriding of section redirects should be avoided. The {{Visible anchor}} template can be used to create an anchor associated with text that is highlighted when the anchor is linked to (example - click here). The template's first parameter will be used as both the anchor and the display text ( Duplicate section namesIf more than one section on a destination page has the same title, a link to the title is to the first section with that title. If the link should be to another section with the title or a title that differs only in capitalization (Example vs. EXAMPLE), append to the linked title _2, _3, and so on, without a space (or 2, 3, and so on with a space), counting from the top of the destination page and without regard to whether a section is a section or a subsection. For example, multiple sections titled "History" may be linked to as "History", "History_2" (or "History 2"), and so on. Linking to part of a sectionAnchors can also be used to link to any part of a section. For example, if you want to link to the fifth sentence of a section, you place an anchor at the start of that sentence, and you can then link to that anchor in the same way as you would link to any other anchor. However, just as with section names, duplicate anchor names only link to the first one. Since anchors aren't displayed you have a much greater freedom in picking unique anchors, such as by appending the current date and time to the anchor name (for example, by naming an anchor for section "ThisSection" like so: {{Anchor|ThisSection2014-09-22-18-05a1}} ). Anchors can be placed anywhere, including at the start of a clause, and inside notes and citations, though it is advisable to test first in your sandbox before trying some exotic new kind of location for the first time. Also the anchor has to be placed after any indicators that are only recognized at the start of a line (such as == or ===, etc., for new section, * for new bullet point, : for indentation), as the anchor should still work, but the start-of-line indicator usually no longer will (and you may not always notice this, perhaps especially if you are in a hurry). There are a small number of special anchor names. See #Table row linking § Notes. Table row linkingTo create an anchor for a row of a table, see Help:Table § Section link or map link to a row anchor. However, Piped linkA piped link is an internal link or interwiki link where the link target and link label are both specified. This is needed in the case that they are not equal, while also the link label is not equal to the link target with the last word extended:
This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the target page. With a suitable browser and depending on the preferences set, one can still see the link target: when you point at the link, the name shows up in a hover tooltip and is also shown in the status bar. For instance:
This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context, it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link to station which might be a disambiguation page. The word piped refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link. This character is named after another use of it; see Pipe (computing). There are various tricks to get the same result with less typing:
Using a redirect as alternativeAn alternative to a piped link is simply using redirect pages. To create How to set up a coffee house, use This is convenient if the redirect is already there or will also be of use elsewhere; however, there are a few drawbacks:
Combining a piped link and a redirect, one can provide some information that is not the name of the page one links to in the hover tooltip, i.e. the following pipe to a redirect Automatic conversion of wikitext with the pipe trickIf in a piped link the part after the "|" is left empty, it is converted to an abbreviated form of the linked page, as follows:
Just like for the three or four tildes when signing on Talk pages and the use of
* [[project:a (b)|]]
* [[w:project:a (b)|]]
* [[:de:project:a (b)|]]
* [[wiktionary:project:a (b)|]]
* [[wiktionary:de:project:a (b)|]]
* [[wikibooks:project:a (b)|]]
* [[wikiquote:project:a (b)|]]
* [[wikisource:project:a (b)|]]
* [[w:en:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|]]
** [[w:en:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|en:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
* [[m:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|]]
** [[m:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
These examples appear as:
Inverse pipe trickOn page "A (c)", Similarly, on page "A, c", Subpage linksA wikilink needs a [[fullpagename]], and this is not optional except when it links to or from a subpage. A wikilink to its parent page is [[../]], and, although no page name is given, the fullpagename is rendered. On the parent a wikilink to a subpage can use [[/subpagename]] to render a subpagename instead. Although subpages are created in article space, subpage linking does not fully function there. Subpage linking works as expected to link to any pages under a root parent page:
Consider that there are about 140 subpages of the Manual of style arranged in 97 branches, 35 of which have two subpages, and 5 of which have three subpages. Subpage links save typing. Say you're editing this closely related group of fullpagenames:
To see this page's array of subpage variables and markup four levels deep, see /one/two/three/four, and from there go to level two at one/two. Markup [[../]] addresses the basepagename, except when a pagename includes a / slash character (allowed), the basepagename/subpagename variables' characters are skewed. To see all this, and how adding an extra ../ construct fixes the resulting redlink, see /sub/page/name1/sub/page/name2/subpage level 3, and from there go to sub/page/name2. Note that the top of every subpage shows the navigation links to all parent subpagenames. From these you can easily gauge levels and linking constructs. For more information:
Special pages linksප්රධාන පිටුව: Help:Special page#Linking to or listing special pages
To create a link to a special page:
Because the ampersand character (&) is disallowed, it is not possible to create an ordinary link containing For example, you can use a template such as {{Plain link}} to encode a Wikimedia url link, such as one pointing to a special page with parameters.
gives Changing link appearanceThe ways that various links are displayed in browsers, as described above, are the default display styles in the default skin. Users can change the way they see links:
Hover tooltipsIn many browsers, holding the cursor over a link (mouseover) shows a hover tooltip containing the text of the link's HTML For these effects a piped link is useful even if it is not followed; for example, for displaying the meaning of an acronym. It is possible to produce a hover tooltip without a link, using the {{Tooltip}} template. Disallowed charactersA link whose target contains disallowed characters (see WP:Page name) will be displayed without markup, as in Conversions are automatically made to non-literal characters in wiki and interwiki links. For example, Some characters in a web address link need to be represented as escape characters because they are reserved for Wikipedia edits. Examples include In excessive cases, an automatic percent encoder such as the one at W3 Schools (use the second JavaScript form under "URL Encoding Functions") is probably the simplest solution. For example, pasting
Links containing ampersandsBecause the ampersand character (&) is disallowed, it is not possible to create an ordinary link containing
Link reportsThe navigable links to a page are wikilinks, redirects, and external-styled wikilinks. The {{orphan}} tag can be placed on pages with no incoming wikilinks. To a pageEach link to a page is a link to a name.[2] No one report shows all links to the content. The What links here tool, on every page, will report all wikilinks and all redirects to the content of that page. (You get the wikilinks to the redirects too.) The search parameter linksto will find wikilinks only. Both report (invisible) wikilinks placed by a transclusion through a {{template}}. The difference between them is that linksto reports a count of links to a page name, while WhatLinksHere reports a map of links to the page as content.[3] To a sectionThe navigable links to a section of a page are wikilinks, redirects, and URL-styled wikilinks.
The difference between a redirect and a wikilink is most pronounced where a redirect targets a section,
when you cannot add your own #section to it
even though it appears as To find wikilinks to a section requires two or more reports.
The more redirects there are, the more reports there are to run. If there are no redirects involved, one report from "Links to" is enough. From a pageTo report links from a page, you simply list all the wikilinks on that page.
One way to send a query to the API is by creating an external link (§ External links). For example, using an external link very much like a search link, you can send the API a request to list the link properties of "wp:example". It should interpret it correctly as "Wikipedia:Example", pageid 25263910.
To make a page register as a link to a page, but without actually showing the link, make a link to it, but label it with a space character using the pipe trick: [[pagename| ]]. Additional link-related functionsFor the effect that links have on date formatting, see Help:Date formatting and linking. Another link-dependent feature is related changes, which make it possible to view recent changes to all pages which are linked from the current page (or which are members of the category, if it is a category page). For information on how to link to pages from an image, see mw:Extension:ImageMap. Several templates have been created to make linking easier (although they are not usually used in article space). These include {{tl}} and {{tlx}} for linking to templates, and {{cl}} and {{lc}} for linking to categories. More can be found in Category:Internal link templates. Conversion to canonical formAs described previously, if a link target begins with a lower case letter, it will be interpreted as if it began with the equivalent capital letter. If the target contains a namespace prefix, then the whole prefix and the first character after the colon are case-insensitive (so uSeR:jimbo Wales links to User:Jimbo Wales). In link targets, spaces and underscores (which are effectively equivalent) are ignored if they come at the start, at the end, or immediately before or after the colon following a namespace prefix. Consecutive spaces / underscores are treated as a single space. Hence _User_: Jimbo_ __ Wales__ links to User:Jimbo Wales. HTML character references and percent-encoded characters are replaced with their raw character. For example, Titles indicated by wikilinks are displayed in canonical form (with correction of capitalization and excess spaces / underscores removed, as described previously) in the following places:
The prefixes in interwiki links are treated similarly to namespace prefixes: they are insensitive to case and to spaces before and after the colon. However the first character after the colon is not automatically capitalized (whether it is interpreted as a capital depends on the configuration of the target wiki). See also
Notes and references
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