Soulèvement du ghetto de Białystok

Soulèvement du ghetto de Białystok
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Les ruines fumantes du ghetto en 1943
Informations générales
Date -
Lieu Białystok, Pologne
Issue Victoire allemande
Belligérants
Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie Reich allemand Organisation Militaire Anti-Fasciste (en)
Commandants
Mordechaj Tenenbaum (en)
Daniel Moszkowicz (en)
Forces en présence
quelques centaines de combattants Juifs

Seconde Guerre mondiale

Batailles

Front de l’Est
Prémices :

Guerre germano-soviétique :

  • 1941 : L'invasion de l'URSS

Front nord :

Front central :

Front sud :

  • 1941-1942 : La contre-offensive soviétique

Front nord :

Front central :

Front sud :

  • 1942-1943 : De Fall Blau à 3e Kharkov

Front nord :

Front central :

Front sud :

  • 1943-1944 : Libération de l'Ukraine et de la Biélorussie

Front central :

Front sud :

  • 1944-1945 : Campagnes d'Europe centrale et d'Allemagne

Allemagne :

Front nord et Finlande :

Europe orientale :


Front d’Europe de l’Ouest


Campagnes d'Afrique, du Moyen-Orient et de Méditerranée


Bataille de l’Atlantique


Guerre du Pacifique


Guerre sino-japonaise


Théâtre américain

Le soulèvement du ghetto de Białystok est une révolte s'étant produite dans le ghetto de Białystok dans la nuit du 15 au . Il a été mené par l'Organisation Militaire Anti-Fasciste (en) (Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa).

Présentation

Le ghetto de Białystok a été mis en place dès l'occupation de la ville par les troupes allemandes en et a regroupé les 56 000 Juifs qui vivaient alors dans la ville, constituant la grande majorité de la population.

Les nazis prévoient de « liquider » le ghetto en février 1943, alors que 15 000 personnes y vivent encore. Ils doivent toutefois repousser leur projet en raison du déclenchement d'une résistance armée par la population locale. Toutefois, les transferts vers les camps de concentration et d'extermination continuent à leur rythme normal.

La liquidation du ghetto reprend en . Dans la nuit du 15 au , des centaines de Juifs polonais commencent alors une lutte armée contre les troupes effectuant cette liquidation. Les hommes, menés par Mordechaj Tanenbaum et Daniel Moszkowicz (en) ne sont armés que d'une mitrailleuse, de quelques douzaines de pistolets, de cocktails Molotov et de bouteilles remplies d'acide. Haika Grossman participe également à l'élaboration du soulèvement.

La résistance est vaincue presque instantanément, même si des combats se poursuivent pendant plusieurs jours dans des poches de résistance isolées. Les chefs du soulèvement se suicident après être parvenus à court de munitions. Plusieurs douzaines d'insurgés parviennent à s'enfuir dans les forêts entourant la ville et à rejoindre les unités de partisan de l'Armia Krajowa.

La plupart des Juifs du ghetto sont envoyés vers les camps de Treblinka, Majdanek et Auschwitz. Environ 1 200 enfants sont envoyés à Theresienstadt, puis à Auschwitz (voir : Déportation des enfants de Białystok).

Sur près de 60 000 juifs qui vivaient dans la ville avant la guerre, seulement quelques centaines ont survécu à la Shoah polonaise. Parmi eux, Pawel Korzec.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Sources

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