A superhero film is a film that focuses on superheroes and their actions. Superheroes are individuals who usually possess superhuman abilities and are dedicated to protecting the public. These films typically feature action, adventure, fantasy, or science fiction elements. The first film about a particular character often focuses on the hero's origin story. It also frequently introduces the hero's nemesis. (See also: supervillain or archnemesis.)
The kaiju monster Godzilla, originally a villain, began being portrayed as a superhero in the Godzilla films.[8] He has been described as "the original radioactive superhero" due to his nuclear origin story predating Spider-Man (1962 debut),[8] although Godzilla did not become a hero until Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964).[9] By the 1970s, Godzilla came to be viewed as a superhero, with the magazine King of the Monsters in 1977 describing Godzilla as "Superhero of the '70s." Godzilla was "the most universally popular superhero of 1977" according to Donald F. Glut.[10]
The year 1966 saw the debut of the Ultra Series with kaiju TV show Ultra Q. However, with the release of the original Ultraman, the franchise started focusing on superheroes. In 1967, Ultraman started expanding to films. Early films, such as Ultraman: Monster Movie Feature were compilations or theatrical releases of TV shows' episodes. The first original Ultraman film was a co-production with Thailand, The 6 Ultra Brothers vs. the Monster Army.[11]
The popularity of television superheroes in Japan led to the start of the Kamen Rider and Super Sentai franchises by famous manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori in 1971 and 1975, respectively. Just like with Ultraman, many early Kamen Rider and Super Sentai episodes were released as films. Original Kamen Rider films released before 1978 include Kamen Rider vs. Shocker, Kamen Rider vs. Ambassador Hell, Kamen Rider V3 vs. Destron Mutants, and Five Riders vs. King Dark.
Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994) became the first independent comic superhero film that established a franchise.[15] It brought in a new realm of violence absent in previous popular superhero films targeted at younger audiences and bridged a gap to the more modern action film.[19] The success of The Crow catalyzed the release of a film version of Spawn (1997), Image Comics' leading character. After Marvel bought Malibu Comics (the company that owned The Men in Black comic series), Marvel and Columbia Pictures released the Men in Black film in 1997.[20] The film became the first Marvel property to win an Oscar and the then-highest-grossing comic book adaptation.[21] While a box office success, Joel Schumacher's Batman & Robin (1997) was critically panned for its campiness[22] and it has strayed too far from the darker style of the series' first two Tim Burton films.[23] As a result, it has sometimes been credited with nearly killing the superhero movie subgenre.[24][25]
1998–2008: Further rise with Blade I/II, X-Men, Raimi's Spider-Man, Daredevil, and The Dark Knight Trilogy
In 1998, Marvel released Blade, a mix of a traditional action film as well a darker superhero film, with the title character having vampiric powers as well as carrying an arsenal of weaponry.[19] The success of Blade began Marvel's film success and set the stage for further comic book film adaptations.[27][28] Meanwhile, thanks to the popularity of Ultraman Tiga TV series, several films based on it and later installments were produced. These include Ultraman Tiga & Ultraman Dyna: Warriors of the Star of Light (1998), Ultraman Gaia: The Battle in Hyperspace (1999) and Ultraman Tiga: The Final Odyssey (2000). The Matrix (1999) also had an impact on superhero films. Influenced by comic books, cyberpunk fiction, Japanese anime, and Hong Kong action films, The Matrix effectively "reinvented" the superhero film, according to Adam Sternbergh of Vulture.com, crediting The Matrix with setting the template for modern superhero blockbusters and inspiring the superhero renaissance in the early 21st century.[29]
John Kenneth Muir in The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television called the film a "revolutionary" reimagination of movie visuals, paving the way for the visuals of later superhero films, and credits it with helping to "make comic-book superheroes hip" and its bullet time effect effectively demonstrating the concept of "faster than a speeding bullet" on-screen.[30]Inspector Gadget and Mystery Men would then follow to close out the decade for the sub-genre.
Although the film Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance was released on February 17, 2012 to little audience interest,[48] superhero films dominated that year's lucrative summer film market with three superhero films occupying the top three positions of the box office chart.[49] This includes the May 2012 release of Marvel's The Avengers, which broke the box office record as the highest-grossing superhero film of all time.[50] The next Batman film from Christopher Nolan, The Dark Knight Rises, is the sequel to Christopher Nolan's film The Dark Knight, and was released on July 20, 2012, in the second position while the third was occupied by reboot of the Spider-Man franchise, The Amazing Spider-Man, directed by Marc Webb and produced for Columbia Pictures.
A Superman Returns sequel was planned for 2009 but was delayed and later scrapped in favor of the reboot, Man of Steel (2013).[51]
At the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, Marvel confirmed that an Ant-Man film was in development, as well as a film based on 2008 comic series Guardians of the Galaxy, which was released in August 2014. Iron Man 3 was released in May 2013, Thor: The Dark World in November 2013, and Captain America: The Winter Soldier in April 2014. The Amazing Spider-Man 2, the sequel to the 2012 reboot was also released in May 2014, which became the lowest-grossing and poorly received rated film in the Spider-Man film series. In 2013, a sequel to the 2009 film X-Men Origins: Wolverine, titled The Wolverine was released. In 2014, X-Men: Days of Future Past released to critical acclaim and financial success; the film became the highest-grossing film in the X-Men series, and effectively rebooted the franchise.
On March 9, 2015, publishing house Valiant Comics reached an unprecedented nine-figure deal with Chinese company DMG Entertainment to produce their own series of superhero movies, set in their own cinematic universe.[53] The series will be co-produced by Sony Pictures and will start with a movie adaptation of Bloodshot for a 2016 release, followed by Harbinger, both movies receiving a sequel and ending in a crossover movie based on the Harbinger Wars arc from the comic books.[54]
In 2015, Italian filmmaker Gabrielle Mainetti directed a superhero film, titled They Call Me Jeeg starring Claudio Santamaria.[55] Its original title is Lo chiamavano Jeeg Robot, from the Italian name of the anime and manga series Steel Jeeg. It was released in Italy on February 25, 2016.[56]
In 2016, the eighth installment in the X-Men seriesDeadpool was released in February, which went on to become the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation, and the highest-grossing film of the series. The ninth installment, X-Men: Apocalypse, was also released. Warner Bros. released Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in March, which is the first film to feature both Batman and Superman, also released. This film performed moderately well at the box office but received poor reviews. Suicide Squad in August, which features a team of anti-hero/supervillains, both of which take place in the DC Extended Universe. Marvel Studios, meanwhile, in May released Captain America: Civil War, in which the Avengers splits into two opposing factions, and Doctor Strange, which recounts the superhero origin of Stephen Strange, in November, both of which take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In October, based on the eponymous toy line by Mattel, Max Steel was released.[57]
January 2017 saw the release of M. Night Shyamalan's Split, which served as a standalone sequel to Unbreakable. The first Finnish superhero film, Rendel: Dark Vengeance, was released in September 2017 and it won the Best Action Movie award at the Erratum Film Festival in Mexico.[58]Power Rangers, a movie reboot of the TV series, was released in March, with Lionsgate planning a seven-film franchise, but it was a commercial disappointment. By contrast, the film Logan, which was Hugh Jackman and Patrick Stewart's last appearances as their characters in the X-Men film series, proved to be a major critical and commercial success. This film was the first ever canon X-Men movie to be rated R as normally they were PG-13 and became the first superhero movie to receive an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. In the summer movie season, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming confirmed the superhero film dominance of the mainstream movie market.[59] That dominance continued into the fall with the success of Thor: Ragnarok, but Warner Bros.' attempt to consummate its attempt to have its own shared universemedia franchise, the DC Extended Universe, with Justice League as it was critical and financial disappointment.
In 2018, Marvel Studios released Black Panther on February 16, featuring the solo film adaptation of the first mainstream African-American superhero, the Black Panther. It was a commercial and critical success in the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Furthermore, it became the first superhero film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.[60]
This MCU project was soon followed up by Avengers: Infinity War, released on April 27, 2018, which earned both critical acclaim[61] and worldwide financial success earning an excess of $2 billion.[62] Soon after, 20th Century Fox released Deadpool 2 on May 18, 2018[63] In addition, Incredibles 2, the long-awaited sequel for the Academy Award-winning animated film The Incredibles, had its wide release on June 15, 2018, met with considerable critical acclaim[64] and earned $182.68 million on its premiere weekend.[65] The next superhero film in the Marvel Universe Ant-Man and the Wasp was released on July 6, with competing studios declining to release major films on American Independence Day in the face of the reliably popular film franchise.
The anti-hero film Venom based on the comic book character was released on October 5, 2018, to poor reviews, but great box-office success. In December 2018 Warner Bros. released Aquaman, a film about the DC Comics superhero of the same name, which became the DCEU's most successful film in the box office as it grossed $1.148 billion worldwide.
2019—present
2019 began with M. Night Shyamalan's Glass, the culmination of Unbreakable and Split, in January. In March, the MCU's Captain Marvel overcame online hostility, in part because of star Brie Larson's comments about lack of diversity in the film and film criticism industries,[66] to become the next film in the franchise to earn over $1 billion worldwide[67] amid largely positive reviews.[68] Later in April, the DCEU's Shazam!, featuring the lead character who was previously known as Captain Marvel himself, had decent box office success for its relatively low budget,[69] which has been seen as further evidence of the revitalization of the Warner Bros. media franchise. That same month, Avengers: Endgame ended the Infinity Saga with widespread acclaim and broke numerous box office records and became the fastest film to exceed $1 billion worldwide, doing so in just five days. Avengers: Endgame became the highest-grossing film of all time, surpassing James Cameron's Avatar, for over two years, before the latter retook its place.
By contrast, the June X-Men film Dark Phoenix performed poorly critically and financially upon release.[70] In addition, it was observed that there was noticeable fan indifference for a concluding film series of a property that would be put in the complete control of Marvel Studios producer, Kevin Feige, along with the Fantastic Four, for integration into the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise in due time considering Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox.[71] In July 2019, Phase 3 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe was concluded with the Sony film, Spider-Man: Far From Home which was released to critical and commercial success.
In August 2019, Joko Anwar's Gundala was released in Indonesia.[72] It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival later in September and is set to be the first entry in the Bumilangit Cinematic Universe (BCU) film series based on characters of comic books published by Bumilangit.[73] The second and third films in the series, Sri Asih and Patriot Taruna: Virgo and the Sparklings, were announced for a 2020 release but were pushed back to 2021 as production was significantly delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.[74] The production company's strategy of announcing films in volumes with a team-up film as the climax has led to the media dubbing it the "Indonesian equivalent to the MCU and DCEU".[75]
In 2022, Warner Bros released The Batman, a reboot for the Batman film series, and unconnected to the DC Extended Universe. It was a critical and commercial hit, with particular praise for the film being a 'grounded detective story,[88]' Matt Reeves direction and Robert Pattinson's performance as the titular hero.[89] It went on to become the second biggest pandemic debut, after Spider-Man: No Way Home.[90]Morbius, starring Jared Leto and based on the Spider-Man villain of the same name debuted that April as another chapter in Sony's Spider-Man Universe. The film was critically panned and a box-office bomb.[91]Variety reported that whilst the initial opening was hopeful for Morbius, "The character is not nearly as recognizable to general audiences as Spider-Man, Batman or Venom, nor is the film clearly connected to a larger story like "Eternals" or "Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings." Thus, "Morbius" wasn't expected to match the receipts for recent comic book tentpoles based on those characters."[92] Scott Mendelson further stated that Sony seemed to rely on the film's 'connection to the Spider-Man universe, the success of Venom and a misguided assumption that audiences were interested in villain movies.[93]
In May, Sam Raimi returned to the superhero genre with Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. The film was met with mixed-to-positive reviews and earned $187million on its opening weekend, becoming the eleventh-best domestic debut of all time, the best summer debut for a Disney release during the pandemic, and Raimi's best opening.[94] In its second weekend, the film earned $61 million, becoming one of the MCU's biggest second-weekend box office drops. The 67% decline was attributed by Deadline Hollywood to the "bad word of mouth" on the film and its CinemaScore grade, while Intelligence saw more than 17% downsize of available seats for the film, resulting in a lessen showtimes which also led to the decline.[95] In its third weekend, the film earned $31.6million, contributing to the 800-million-dollar mark at the box office to become Hollywood's second-highest-grossing film released during the pandemic behind No Way Home.[96] The film earned $16.4million in its fourth weekend, contributing to the total box office that helped it to become the highest-grossing film of 2022 previously held by The Batman.[97] As of June 2022, the film stands as the 11th highest-grossing of the MCU worldwide.[98]
As of 2022,[update] superhero films are so important for the entertainment industry that they are, The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "one of the last ways for an actor to earn a major payday". It quoted a Hollywood executive as stating, "If you want to get paid, you have to put on a cape" because, the magazine said, "With rare exception, even A+ stars aren't making what they used to"; characters like Spider-Man and Batman are more important than the actors themselves, it said.[100]
As superhero film production increased during the latter end of the 2010s, the genre's contribution to cinema was questioned. Martin Scorsese, in an interview with Empire magazine, commented that "the closest I can think of them, as well made as they are, with actors doing the best they can under the circumstances, is theme parks. It isn't the cinema of human beings trying to convey emotional, psychological experiences to another human being." He stated that the Marvel films were not "cinema".[106] He later added that he was worried about studios' overreliance on the format because in "many places around this country and the world, franchise films are now your primary choice if you want to see something on the big screen. It's a perilous time in film exhibition, and there are fewer independent theaters than ever."[107] In that New York Times essay, he also credited the work of people who make these films, writing "Many franchise films are made by people of considerable talent and artistry. You can see it on the screen. The fact that the films themselves don't interest me is a matter of personal taste and temperament. I know that if I were younger, if I'd come of age at a later time, I might have been excited by these pictures and maybe even wanted to make one myself," he wrote, adding "but I grew up when I did and I developed a sense of movies — of what they were and what they could be — that was as far from the Marvel universe as we on Earth are from Alpha Centauri."[107]
Criticism of Marvel Studios' films continued with Jennifer Aniston stating that Marvel movies are "diminishing" and believed that there should be a "resurgence" of "the era of Meg Ryan." "Let's get the Terms of Endearment back out there. You know, Heaven Can Wait, Young Frankenstein, Blazing Saddles, Goodbye Girl."[108]Denis Villeneuve dismissed "too many Marvel films" being "a cut and paste of others"[109] and Roland Emmerich stating that large blockbuster films such as the MCU and Star Wars films were "ruining our industry a little" since "nobody does anything original anymore".[110] However, in March 2022, Nicolas Cage stated that "Marvel has done a really excellent job of entertaining the whole family. They put a lot of thought into it. I mean, it's definitely had a big progression from when I was doing the first two 'Ghost Rider' movies. Kevin Feige, or whoever is behind that machine, has found a masterful way of weaving the stories together and interconnecting all the characters. What could be wrong with wholesome entertainment that is appealing to the parents and the children, and gives people something to look forward to?" Cage asked. "I just, I don't see what the issue is."[111]
However, there is additional questioning as to how broad or vague the superhero genre is – and whether it could be legitimately classified as a film genre at all – when the basic definition is that of a benevolent hero or antihero with superhuman abilities, in which case many other films not traditionally associated as superhero plots would fall under the description.[116]
Writer Alan Moore, a veteran of the comics industry known for his work on Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Batman:The Killing Joke, and From Hell, has expressed criticism of modern superhero movies in general, which he once called a "blight" to cinema and "also to culture to a degree." He said in an October 2022 interview with The Guardian that the popularization of the genre on the part of adults is an "infantilization" that can act as "a precursor to fascism." Lamenting at how deeply such films became part of the culture, Moore commented:[117][118]
"I will always love and adore the comics medium, but the comics industry and all of the stuff attached to it just became unbearable...Hundreds of thousands of adults [are] lining up to see characters and situations that had been created to entertain the 12-year-old boys – and it was always boys – of 50 years ago. I didn't think that superheroes were adult fare. I think that this was a misunderstanding born of what happened in the 1980s – to which I must put my hand up to a considerable share of the blame, though it was not intentional – when things like Watchmen were first appearing. There were an awful lot of headlines saying, 'Comics Have Grown Up'. I tend to think that, no, comics hadn't grown up. There were a few titles that were more adult than people were used to. But the majority of comics titles were pretty much the same as they'd ever been. It wasn't comics growing up. I think it was more comics meeting the emotional age of the audience coming the other way."[117][118]
During a September 2023 interview with The Telegraph, Moore reiterated this view, saying that what had appealed to him most about output from comics publishers was "no more", saying, "Now they're called 'graphic novels', which sounds sophisticated, and you can charge a lot more for them. These innocent and inventive and imaginative superhero characters from the '40s, '50s and '60s are being recycled to a modern audience as if they were adult fare." During that same interview, journalist Jake Kerridge asked Moore if it was true that he divided the money he had received from onscreen adaptations of his work among the writers and other staffpersons of those productions. Moore replied, "I no longer wish it to even be shared with them. I don't feel, with the recent films, that they have stood by what I assumed were their original principles. So, I asked for DC Comics to send all of the money from any future TV series or films to Black Lives Matter."[119][118]
By the 2020s, the term superhero fatigue had emerged to describe audiences' increasing exhaustion of overly homogeneous superhero films, as evidenced by diminishing box-office returns and poor critical reception. In particular, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has been criticized for oversaturating the market with its expansion to streaming beginning with Phase Four, prompting Marvel Studios to begin rethinking its annual output.[120][121][122]
Another comedic play on superheroes is The Specials, a 2000 film in which the title team is more concerned with their public image than actually being superheroes.
Kevin Smith's 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, parodies film companies' seemingly compulsive purchase of comic book film rights with "Bluntman and Chronic". In the film, the character Brodie Bruce (played by Jason Lee) describes the process: "After X-Men hit at the box office, the movie companies started buying out every comic property they could get their dirty little hands-on".
2008's Hancock saw a subversion of the genre by having the title character become a reluctant superhero. The movie grossed more than $629 million at the box office.
Alejandro González Iñárritu's Oscar-winning 2014 film Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) satirizes Hollywood's reliance on superhero and blockbuster films. In the film, Michael Keaton portrays Riggan Thomson, a washed-up Hollywood actor famous for playing the superhero Birdman in blockbuster movies decades earlier. He is tormented by the voice of Birdman, which mocks and criticizes him, and he sees himself performing feats of levitation and telekinesis.
The 2016 movie Deadpool and its 2018 sequel Deadpool 2 were box-office juggernauts, making $782.6 million and $785.8 million respectively.
Philippe Lacheau's 2021 French movie Super-héros malgré lui follows an actor who landed the role of a superhero named "Badman", but suffers an accident that caused him amnesia, and so he starts believing to be an actual superhero. The movie references DC and Marvel while making fun of the superhero film genre.
Graeber, David (2012). Super Position (Essay). The New Inquiry.*Graeber, David (October 8, 2012). "Super Position". The New Inquiry. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
Residential skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois Lake Point TowerLocation within Chicago metropolitan areaShow map of Chicago metropolitan areaLake Point Tower (Illinois)Show map of IllinoisLake Point Tower (the United States)Show map of the United StatesGeneral informationLocationChicago, Illinois, United StatesCoordinates41°53′30″N 87°36′44″W / 41.89167°N 87.61222°W / 41.89167; -87.61222Construction started1965Completed1968HeightRoof645 ft (197 m)Techni…
Den här artikeln behöver fler eller bättre källhänvisningar för att kunna verifieras. (2015-05) Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (gärna som fotnoter). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan ifrågasättas och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på diskussionssidan. Denna artikel anses inte vara skriven ur ett globalt perspektiv.Hjälp gärna till och förbättra texten om du kan, eller diskutera saken på diskussionssidan. (2022-07) Telefonautomat i Norge. Telekommun…
The family grave of William Crichton in Turku Cemetery Turku Cemetery (Finnish: Turun hautausmaa, Swedish: Åbo begravningsplats) is a cemetery inaugurated in 1807 and located in Vasaramäki on the south-eastern outskirts of the city of Turku. The drawings of the cemetery has been prepared by the architect Charles Bassi. In the cemetery there are two chapels complexes. The Resurrection Chapel or Ylösnousemuskappeli/Uppståndelsekapellet was completed in 1941 by architect Erik Bryggman. The Heli…
Menteri Besar Pahangمنتري بسار ڤهڠPetahanaWan Rosdy Wan Ismailsejak 15 Mei 2018GelarYang Amat Berhormat(resmi)StatusKepala pemerintahanAnggotaDewan Eksekutif Negara Bagian PahangAtasanDewan Undangan Negeri PahangKediamanJalan Telok Sisek, 25000 Kuantan, PahangKantorWisma Sri Pahang, 25502 Kuantan, PahangDitunjuk olehAl-Sultan Abdullahsebagai Sultan PahangMasa jabatan5 tahunPejabat perdanaMahmud MatDibentuk1 Februari 1948; 76 tahun lalu (1948-02-01)Situs webwww.pahang.gov.my…
American baseball player (1922-2007) This article is about the baseball player. For the actor/musician, see Art Fowler (actor). Baseball player Art FowlerPitcherBorn: (1922-07-03)July 3, 1922Converse, South Carolina, U.S.Died: January 29, 2007(2007-01-29) (aged 84)Spartanburg, South Carolina, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 17, 1954, for the Cincinnati RedsLast MLB appearanceMay 4, 1964, for the Los Angeles AngelsMLB statisticsWin–loss record54–…
British peer The Earl of Gosford in 1897, dressed as Robert de la Marck. Archibald Brabazon Sparrow Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, KP (19 August 1841[1] – 11 April 1922) was a British peer. The son of Archibald Acheson, 3rd Earl of Gosford, he was born at Worlingham Hall, Suffolk,[2] in 1841, and educated at Harrow School; and succeeded to the earldom upon the death of his father in 1864.[3] He was Lord of the Bedchamber to Edward VII, Prince of Wales between 1886 and 19…
Ohio is home to many professional and college sports teams. The metropolitan areas of Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Columbus are home to major league professional sports teams in baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer. FC Cincinnati supporters at TQL Stadium Major league sports teams Ohio is home to major professional sports teams in baseball, basketball, football, hockey, volleyball, and soccer. The state's major professional sporting teams include: Cincinnati Reds (Major League Baseba…
Minin menyerukan kepada rakyat Nizhny Novgorod untuk melawan Polandia. Lukisan karya Konstantin Makovsky. Masa Kekacauan (bahasa Rusia: Смутное время, Smutnoe vremya) adalah periode dalam sejarah Rusia yang mencakup masa interregnum setelah kematian Tsar Rusia terakhir dari Dinasti Rurik, Feodor Ivanovich, pada tahun 1598, hingga pendirian Dinasti Romanov pada tahun 1613. Pada tahun 1601–03, Rusia mengalami bencana kelaparan yang menewaskan sepertiga penduduknya (sekitar dua ju…
Bilik gelembung 15-kaki (4,57 m) Fermilab yang tidak digunakan Jalur pertama dalam bilik gelembung hidrogen cair 15-inci (38 cm) John Wood, pada tahun 1954. Bilik gelembung (bahasa Inggris: bubble chamber adalah sebuah alat yang diisi dengan cairan transparan yang disuperpanaskan (biasaya hidrogen cair) yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi partikel bermuatan listrik yang bergerak melaluinya. Alat ini ditemukan pada tahun 1952 oleh Donald A. Glaser,[1] yang menghadirkannya Pengha…
Person traveling on foot For other uses, see Pedestrian (disambiguation). Pedestrians on a crosswalk in Buenos Aires A sign in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, directing pedestrians to an overpass for safe crossing. A pedestrian is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running.[citation needed] In modern times, the term usually refers to someone walking on a road or pavement (US: sidewalk), but this was not the case historically.[citation needed] Pedestrians may also be wheelchai…
San John KembleMartire NascitaHerefordshire, 1599 MorteHereford, 22 agosto 1679 Venerato daChiesa cattolica Beatificazione15 dicembre 1929 da papa Pio XI Canonizzazione25 ottobre 1970 da papa Paolo VI Ricorrenza22 agosto Manuale John Kemble (Herefordshire, 1599 – Hereford, 22 agosto 1679) è stato un presbitero inglese; martirizzato sotto Carlo II, è venerato come santo della Chiesa cattolica e ricordato come uno dei santi quaranta martiri di Inghilterra e Galles. Indice 1 Biografia 2 C…
Australian speedway rider (1911–1940) Bluey WilkinsonBorn(1911-08-27)27 August 1911Millthorpe, New South Wales, AustraliaDied27 July 1940(1940-07-27) (aged 28)Bondi, New South Wales, AustraliaCareer history1929-1938West Ham Hammers Individual honours1938World Champion1935, 1938, 1938 (3 & 4 Lap)Australian Champion1935, 1938, 1939NSW State Champion1932Dirt Track Championnat du Monde1938Scottish Champion1938Tom Farndon Memorial winner Team honours1937National League Champion1937Coronati…
Kantor pusat I.N.E. di Madrid, Spanyol Institut Statistika Nasional (bahasa Spanyol: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE) merupakan sebuah instansi resmi di negara Spanyol yang mengumpulkan statistika mengenai demografis, ekonomi, dan masyarakat Spanyol. Referensi Pranala luar INE Website
كأس اليونان 1992–93 تفاصيل الموسم كأس اليونان النسخة 51 البلد اليونان المنظم الاتحاد الإغريقي لكرة القدم البطل باناثينايكوس عدد المشاركين 72 كأس اليونان 1991–92 كأس اليونان 1993–94 تعديل مصدري - تعديل كأس اليونان 1992–93 (باليونانية: Κύπελλο Ελλάδος ποδο…
Bolton Wanderers 2010–11 football seasonBolton Wanderers2010–11 seasonChairmanPhil GartsideManagerOwen CoyleStadiumReebok StadiumPremier League14thFA CupSemi-finalistLeague CupThird RoundTop goalscorerLeague: Johan Elmander (10)All: Johan Elmander (12)Highest home attendance26,881 vs Arsenal(24 April 2011)Lowest home attendance13,120 vs York City(8 January 2011)Average home league attendance22,028 Home colours Away colours ← 2009–102011–12 → The 2010–11 season was…