Rzucewo culture

The Rzucewo (also Rutzau or Bay Coast culture, from German: Haffküstenkultur, 2700 BC)^[1] was a local archaeological culture of late Neolithic. It centered at the coast of the Bay of Gdansk (Danzig) and Vistula Lagoon (Frisches Haff)^[2] and extended north to the Curonian Lagoon (Kurisches Haff) and up to Šventoji settlement in Lithuania.^[3] It is either named after the adjacent bays or after an archeological site in the village of Rzucewo (Rutzau) near Puck.

The Rzucewo culture was a hybrid of Corded Ware culture and pre-Indo-European Narva and Globular Amphora cultures.^[4] Traditionally, Rzucewo was identified as a variation of Corded Ware culture; however, newest research suggests that the culture formed before Corded Ware.^[3] This culture specialized in exploitation of marine resources and existed in parallel to its mother culture for some time. Rzucewo settlements, consisting of characteristic houses reinforced against sea erosion, were located along the coast and further east.^[5] The Rzucewo people had domesticated cattle, pigs, some goats, but did little cultivation^[6] and engaged in fishery and hunting, especially of seals, then numerous along the Baltic coast. The Rzucewo culture people produced and widely traded amber decorative items in specialist shops.^[1]^[5] A large number of amber artifacts was found in Juodkrantė.^[7]

Formerly, this culture was interpreted as the earliest detection of the Balts.^[2] Tracing formation of the Balts to Rzucewo culture could explain differences between Western and Eastern Balts and their languages (and possibly a stage of West Baltic–Pre-Slavic unity; see Balto-Slavic languages),^[8] though linguistic conclusions based on this methodology are controversial and tentative at best, ad hoc at worst. Typically, Polish and German archeologists place the culture just on the coast, while Lithuanian and Latvian scientists extend it much further inland describing coastal settlements as a cultural and economic center and inland villages as a periphery.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Milisauskas, Sarunas (2002). European Prehistory: A Survey. Birkhäuser. p. 257. ISBN 0-306-46793-3.
^ ^a ^b Hoops, Johannes; Naumann, Hans-Peter; Lanter, Franziska; Szokody, Oliver; et al. (2001). Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde (in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 423. ISBN 3-11-017163-5. [...] die ihrerseits ehemals als frühester Nachweis der balt. Bevölkerung gedeuted wurde.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brazaitis, Džiugas (2005). "Agrarinis neolitas". Lietuvos istorija. Akmens amžius ir ankstyvasis metalų laikotarpis (in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Baltos lankos. pp. 224–231. ISBN 9955-58-490-4.
^ Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. p. 59. ISBN 963-9116-42-4.
^ ^a ^b Grygiel, Ryszard (2002). Derwich, Marek; Żurek, Adam (eds.). U źródeł Polski (do roku 1038) (in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. pp. 50–51. ISBN 83-7023-954-4.
^ Whittle, A. W. R. (1996). Europe in the Neolithic: The Creation of New Worlds (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-521-44920-0.
^ Bliujiene, Audrone (January 2020). "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology". academia.edu. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
^ Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. p. 82. ISBN 963-9116-42-4.