Central Expressway, Singapore

Central Expressway
Central Expressway
Lebuhraya Tengah (Malay); 中央高速公路 (Chinese); மத்திய விரைவுச்சாலை (Tamil)
	Central Expressway is labelled in single blue line
Route information
Length	15.8 km (9.8 mi)
Existed	1989–present
History	First section opened on 17 June 1989,; last section opened on 21 September 1991
Major junctions
South end	Bukit Merah (AYE)
	SLE, TPE, ORRS (Braddell Road), PIE, NSC, AYE
North end	Yio Chu Kang (SLE, TPE)
Location
Country	Singapore
Regions	Seletar, Ang Mo Kio, Serangoon, Kallang, Bishan, Toa Payoh, Central Area, Bukit Merah, Novena
Highway system
	Expressways of Singapore;

The Central Expressway (CTE) in Singapore is the major highway connecting the city centre of Singapore with the northern residential parts of the island, including Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio and further onwards to the Seletar Expressway and the Tampines Expressway.

As of 29 December 2013, SLE and CTE are one of the two pairs of expressways in Singapore which are linked together, the other being the KPE and MCE.

Route description

Beginning at a junction with the Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) in Bukit Merah, the expressway runs northeast, passing through Outram and parallel to Chin Swee Road. The CTE then runs through two tunnels between Chin Swee Road and Bukit Timah Road, with an at-grade segment between Buyong Road and Cairnhill Circle, before continuing northeast, between Kallang and Novena.^[1] The expressway then turns north, intersecting the Pan Island Expressway (PIE) and passing through Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio before terminating at an interchange with the Seletar Expressway (SLE) and Tampines Expressway (TPE),^[2] and measures 16 kilometres (9.9 mi).^[3]

History

Construction

Work on the first phase of the CTE, between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and Thomson Road, commenced in July 1981.^[4] Intended to alleviate heavy traffic along Upper Thomson Road, a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) segment of the expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and Jalan Toa Payoh opened in March 1983,^[5] while the segment of expressway between Jalan Toa Payoh and Thomson Road was opened in May 1985,^[6] In August 1985, construction commenced on a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), S$18 million segment of the expressway in Ang Mo Kio.^[7] This segment of expressway was opened to traffic in January 1987,^[8] while the 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) section between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 and Yio Chu Kang Road was constructed between August 1986^[9] and November 1988.^[10]

The contract for the second phase of the CTE was awarded in December 1987. This phase, which comprised 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) of expressway between Bukit Timah Road and Chin Swee Road, included two tunnels, with lengths of 0.7 kilometres (0.43 mi) and 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi),^[11] and involved the acquisition of land along Orchard Road and Clemenceau Avenue worth over S$20 million.^[12] Work on the second phase commenced in June 1987, and the tunnels were constructed using the cut-and-cover method.^[13] As the areas along the expressway's route were heavily built-up, precautions were taken to limit disruption to the public during construction, with the exclusive use of hydraulic piling machines and work near residential areas being paused at night.^[14] In addition, cofferdams were built in the Singapore River to facilitate construction of the expressway tunnels,^[15] and to prevent erosion, the river bed directly above the tunnels was covered with rocks.^[14] The segment of expressway between Outram Road and the Ayer Rajah Expressway opened in September 1988,^[16] but the construction of the tunnels was delayed, which the government attributed to a shortage of workers and "poor soil conditions near Cairnhill Circle".^[17] Construction on the CTE's second phase was completed in May 1991,^[18] and the opening of the two tunnels, which were named the Kampong Java and Chin Swee Tunnels, in September 1991 marked the completion of the expressway.^[3]

Impact and expansion

Traffic volumes along the CTE rose after the expressway was fully opened, and in May 1994, the section of expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and the PIE was expanded to eight lanes to ease traffic congestion.^[19] A traffic monitoring system, the Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System, was introduced on the expressway in March 1998.^[20] By the late 1990s, the CTE faced traffic congestion issues, and while a road pricing scheme was introduced to rectify the issue, it was unable to eliminate it.^[21]

In 2008, a large-scale improvement of the CTE was initiated, and the first phase of the scheme, consisting of the expansion of the expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenues 1 and 3, started in June 2008, and cost S$17 million. Subsequently, flyovers were constructed at the junction with the PIE to improve traffic flow,^[22] while other sections of the CTE, between Bukit Timah Road and Yio Chu Kang Road, were widened, and the improvement scheme was completed by December 2011.^[23]

Road interchanges

Exit^[1]^[2]	Destinations	Notes
–	Ayer Rajah Expressway (Jurong)
1A	Jalan Bukit Merah	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
1B	Chin Swee Road, Tiong Bahru Road, Outram Road
2	Clemenceau Avenue, Merchant Road, Havelock Road
4	Orchard Road	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
5	Cairnhill Circle	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
6	Bukit Timah Road	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
7A	Moulmein Road	Signed as Exits 7D (Jalan Kebun Limau, Balestier Road) and 7C (Balestier Road, Moulmein Road) southbound
7B	Jalan Bahagia	Northbound exit only
8A	Pan Island Expressway (PIE) (Tuas)	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
8B	PIE (Changi Airport), Upper Serangoon Road
10	Braddell Road
11	Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1
14	Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5	Signed as Exits 12A (Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3) and 12B (Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5) northbound
15	Yio Chu Kang Road
16	Seletar West Link (Yishun Avenue 1), Seletar Expressway (SLE)	Northbound terminus; expressway continues as SLE
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access Route transition

References

^ ^a ^b "CTE" (Map). OneMap. Singapore Land Authority. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
^ ^a ^b "CTE" (Map). OneMap. Singapore Land Authority. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
^ ^a ^b Nathan, Dominic (22 September 1991). "CTE tunnels open, more being planned". The Straits Times. Singapore.
^ Lam, Mo Lian (19 January 1983). "More expressways link S'pore". Singapore Monitor. Singapore. p. 1. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "Central Expressway opens this morning". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 3. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "New expressway opens". Singapore Monitor. Singapore. 18 May 1985. p. 2. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "S'pore firm awarded $18 m job to extend expressway". The Straits Times. Singapore. 31 July 1985. p. 8. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "CTE section to be opened". The Straits Times. Singapore. 14 January 1987. p. 23. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ Lee, Han Shih. "First half of $600m CTE to be ready by Nov '87". Business Times. Singapore. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "Central Expressway section to open". The Straits Times. Singapore. 25 November 1988. p. 27. Retrieved 21 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "Underground tunnels to link two expressways". Straits Times (Overseas edition). Singapore. 5 December 1987. p. 3. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ Lee, Han Shih (18 April 1986). "Plan to acquire more than $20m worth of prime land". Business Times. Singapore. p. 16. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ Lee, Han Shih (2 March 1988). "Work starts soon on underground highway". Business Times. Singapore. p. 18. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ ^a ^b Chia, Maylee (2 March 1988). "Huge PWD scheme will cut driving in city by 10 mins". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 1. Retrieved 21 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ Dhaliwal, Rav (28 September 1988). "Work starts on Central Expressway tunnels". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 12. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "CTE section to open to traffic tomorrow". The Straits Times. Singapore. 24 September 1988. p. 12. Retrieved 20 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "CTE project delayed". The Straits Times. Singapore. 1 September 1989. p. 26. Retrieved 21 August 2021 – via NewspaperSG.
^ "CTE project completed". The Straits Times. Singapore. 11 May 1991. p. 22.
^ "Extra lanes for part of Central Expressway". The Straits Times. Singapore. 28 February 1994. p. 20.
^ Yeo, Geraldine (22 March 1998). "Up-to-date information on all expressways from year 2000". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 2.
^ "Congestion on CTE "being studied"". The Straits Times. Singapore. 17 March 1999. p. 43.
^ Tan, Christopher (10 October 2008). "2 flyovers for CTE to ease congestion". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. B4.
^ Nanayakara, Daryll (29 November 2011). "New flyovers to ease CTE congestion". My Paper. Singapore. p. A4.