William Paley

William Paley
William Paley (1743–1805)
LahirJuli 1743
Peterborough, Inggris
Meninggal25 Mei 1805
Bishopwearmouth, Inggris
Tempat tinggalInggris
KebangsaanInggris
AlmamaterChrist's College, Cambridge
Dikenal atasBerkontribusi pada filsafat moral, filsafat politik, etik dan filsafat agama
PenghargaanMembers' Prize, Cambridge, 1765
Karier ilmiah
Bidangteologi alam
InstitusiGiggleswick Grammar School, Christ's College, Cambridge, Giggleswick Parish, Katedral Carlisle, Katedral Lincoln, Katedral Durham

William Paley (1743– 1805 M) adalah seorang filsuf di dunia Barat yang mendukung argumen teleologis.[1] Ia merupakan seorang rohaniwan, apolog Kristen, filsuf, dan utilitarianisme berkebangsaan Inggris. Ia paling dikenal karena eksposisi teologi alam-nya dari argumen teologi mengenai keberadaan Tuhan pada karyanya Natural Theology: or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, yang membuat penggunaan analogi tukang jam.

Kehidupan

Paley lahir di Peterborough, Inggris, dan dididik di Sekolah Giggleswick. Ayahnya merupakan kepala sekolah, dan di Christ's College, Cambridge.

Pemikiran

Utilitarianisme

William Paley merupakan seorang pendeta di gereja Inggris. Ia berpendapat bahwa kehendak Tuhan dapat dipahami dengan menggunakan paham utilitarianisme. Asas dasar yang ditetapkannya ialah manusia harus bertindak dengan cara yang terbaik dengan hasil yang mampu meningkatkan kebahagiaan. Pendapat ini didasarinya oleh pandangan bahwa Tuhan bersifat maha pemurah. Waley memiliki pemikiran yang radikal. Ia menolak diadakannya perbudakan dan memberlakukan konservatisme dalam hal kepemilikan. Ia meyakini bahwa hukum kepemilikan adalah cara terbaik untuk memperkenalkan konsep mengenai kebahagiaan.[2]

Karya

Referensi

  1. ^ Nuruddin, Muhammad (2021). Hal-Hal yang Membingungkan Seputar Tuhan. Depok: Keira. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-623-7754-64-0. 
  2. ^ Efendi, A., dan Susanti, D. O. (2021). Ilmu Hukum (PDF). Jakarta: Kencana. hlm. 164. 

Bacaan tambahan

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  • Brooke, John H. Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
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  • Gascoigne, J., 'Rise and Fall of British Newtonian Natural Theology', Science in Context, 2 (1988), 219–256.
  • Gillespie, N. C. 'Divine Design and the Industrial Revolution. William Paley's Abortive Reform of Natural Theology', Isis, 81 (1990), 214–229.
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  • McGrath, A. E., A Scientific Theology: Volume I, Nature, Continuum, Edinburgh, 2001.
  • Meadley, G. W. Memoirs of William Paley, to which is Added an Appendix, London, 1809.
  • Ospovat, D. The Development of Darwin's Theory: Natural History, Natural Theology and Natural Selection, 1838–1859, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
  • Pelikan, J. Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1993.
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  • Rose, J. The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002.
  • Rosen, Frederick, Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (Routledge Studies in Ethics & Moral Theory), 2003. ISBN 0-415-22094-7
  • Rousseau, G. S. and Roy Porter (eds), The Ferment of Knowledge – Studies in the Historiography of Eighteenth Century Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980.
  • St Clair, W. The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.
  • Viner, J. The Role of Providence in the Social Order, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1972.
  • Von Sydow, M. 'Charles Darwin: A Christian undermining Christianity?', in David M. Knight and Matthew D. Eddy, Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2005

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