Suku Lisu terdiri dari lebih dari 58 klan yang berbeda. Setiap klan keluarga memiliki nama atau marganya sendiri. Klan-klan keluarga terbesar yang dikenal dari klan-klan suku tersebut adalah Laemae pha (Shue atau Rumput, yang berbicara dalam bahasa Bai ketimbang Lisu), Bya pha (Lebah), Thorne pha, Ngwa Pha (Ikan), Naw pha (Thou atau Kacang), Seu pha (Kayu), Khaw pha. Kebanyakan nama keluarga berasal dari kerja mereka sendiri sebagai pemburu pada zaman primitif. Namun, mereka kemudian mengadopsi beberapa nama keluarga Tionghoa.[2] Budaya mereka berbagi dengan budaya Yi atau Nuosu (Lolo).[3]
Sejarah
Sebuah penggambaran Burma dari suku Lisu pada awal 1900an
Sejarah Lisu berasal dari satu generasi sampai generasi berikutnya dalam bentuk lagu. Namun, lagu-lagu tersebut biasanya mereka nyanyikan sepanjang malam.[4]
Asal muasal
Suku Lisu diyakini berasal dari timur Tibet sebelum kehadiran suku Tibetan yang datang ke daratan tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para sarjana Lisu mengindikasikan bahwa mereka berpindah ke barat laut Yunnan. Mereka tinggal di sebuah kawasan di sepanjang daratan Baoshan dan Tengchong selama ribuan tahun. Lisu, Yi, Lahu, dan Akha adalah rumpun bahasa Tibetan–Burma, yang sangat berkaitan dengan Burma dan Tibetan.[5][6][7][8] Setelah zaman Dinasti MingTionghoa Han, sekitar 1140-1644 Masehi, budaya dan rumpun bahasa Lisu timur dan selatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh budaya Han.[9][10] Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, suku Lisu di Yinjiang mulai berpindah ke Momeik, Burma, sejumlah populasi Lisu selatan berpindah ke Mogok, dan Negara bagian Shan selatan, dan kemudian pada akhir abad ke-19, berpindah ke utara Thailand.[10][11][12][13] Lisu adalah salah satu dari tiga suku Lolo, keturunan dari Yi. Yi (atau Nuosu) masih dekat dengan Lisu dan rumpun bahasa Myanmar.
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Dessaint, Alain Y, 1972. Economic organization of the Lisu of the Thai highlands Ph.D. dissertation, Anthropology, University of Hawaii.
Durrenberger, E. Paul, 1989. Lisu Religion, Southeast Asia Publications Occasional Papers No. 13, DeKalb: Northern Illinois University.
Durrenberger, E. Paul, 1976. The economy of a Lisu village, American Ethnologist 32: 633-644.
Enriquez, Major C.M., 1921. The Yawyins or Lisu, Journal of the Burma Research Society 11 (Part 2), pp. 70–74.
Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, 'Chiang Mai's Hill Peoples' in: Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 3. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006IN1RNW
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Fox, Krummel, Yarnasarn, Ekasingh, and Podger, 1995. Land use and landscape dynamics in northern Thailand: assessing change in three upland watersheds, Ambio 24 (6): 328-334.
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Hanks, Jane R. and Lucien M. Hanks, 2001. Tribes of the northern Thailand frontier, Yale Southeast Studies Monographs, Volume 51, New Haven, Hanks.
Hutheesing, Otome Klein, 1990. Emerging Sexual Inequality Among the Lisu of Northern Thailand: The Waning of Elephant and Dog Repute, E.J. Brill, New York and Leiden.
McCaskill, Don and Ken Kampe, 1997. Development or domestication? Indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
OMF International (November 2007). Global Chinese Ministries. Littleton, Colorado: OMF International.
Scott, James George and J.P. Hardiman, 1900-1901. Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Parts 1 & 2, reprinted by AMS Press (New York).
Bacaan tambahan
Tribes of the northern Thailand frontier, Yale Southeast Studies Monographs, Volume 51, New Haven, Hanks, Jane R. and Lucien M. Hanks, 2001.
Emerging Sexual Inequality Among the Lisu of Northern Thailand: The Waning of Elephant and Dog Repute, Hutheesing, Otome Klein, E.J. Brill, 1990
The economy of a Lisu village, E. Paul Durrenberger, American Ethnologist 32: 633-644, 1976
Lisu Religion, E. Paul Durrenberger, Northern Illinois University Southeast Asia Publications No. 12, 1989.
Behind The Ranges: Fraser of Lisuland S.W. China by Mrs. Howard Taylor (Mary Geraldine Guinness)
Mountain Rain by Eileen Fraser Crossman
A Memoir of J. O. Fraser by Mrs. J. O. Fraser
James Fraser and the King of the Lisu by Phyllis Thompson
The Prayer of Faith by James O. Fraser & Mary Eleanor Allbutt
Stones of Fire, Kuhn, Isobel Shaw Books (June 1994)
Ascent to the Tribes: Pioneering in North Thailand, Kuhn, Isobel OMF Books (2000)
Precious Things of the Lasting Hills, Kuhn, Isobel OMF Books (1977)
Second Mile People, Kuhn, Isobel Shaw Books (December 1999)
Nests Above the Abyss, Kuhn, Isobel Moody Press (1964)
The Dogs May Bark, but the Caravan Moves On, Morse, Gertrude College Press, (1998)
Transformations of Lisu social structure under opium control and watershed conservation in northern Thailand, Gillogly, Kathleen A. PhD thesis, Anthropology, University of Michigan. 2006.
Fish Four and the Lisu New Testament, Leila R. Cooke (China Inland Mission, 1948)
Honey Two of Lisu-land, Leila R. Cooke (China Inland Mission, 1933)
Handbook of the Lisu Language, James O. Fraser (1922)
Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure, E. R. Leach, (London School of Economics and Political Science, 1954)
Peoples of the Golden Triangle, Paul Lewis and Elaine Lewis, (Thames and Hudson, 1984)
J. O. Fraser and Church Growth Among the Lisu of Southwest China, Walter Leslie McConnell (M.C.S. Thesis, Regent College, 1987)
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Lisu people.
