Perang Han–Xiongnu

Perang Han–Xiongnu
漢匈戰爭

Kaisar Wu menugaskan Zhang Qian ke Asia Tengah, lukisan Gua Mogao, abad ke-8
Tanggal133 SM – 89 M
90–91 M (ekspedisi hukuman)
LokasiTiongkok, Mongolia, Siberia, dan Asia Tengah
Hasil Kemenangan besar Han
Pihak terlibat
Xiongnu Dinasti Han
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Chanyu Junchen
Chanyu Yizhixie
Raja Hunye Menyerah
Raja Xiutu 
Chanyu Zhizhi 
...dan lainnya
Kaisar Wu
Jenderal Wei Qing
Jenderal Huo Qubing
Jenderal Dou Gu
Jenderal Ban Chao
Jenderal Dou Xian
...dan lainnya

Perang Han–Xiongnu,[1] juga disebut Perang Tiongkok-Xiongnu,[2] adalah serangkaian pertempuran yang berlangsung antara pasukan Dinasti Han melawan konfederasi suku-suku Xiongnu dari tahun 133 SM hingga 89 M. Pada masa kekuasaan Kaisar Wu (berkuasa 141–87 SM), Dinasti Han mengubah kebijakan luar negerinya yang pasif menjadi ofensif untuk menghentikan serangan-serangan Xiongnu di perbatasan utara dan berdasarkan kebijakan kekaisaran untuk memperluas wilayah. Pada tahun 133 SM, konflik memanas menjadi perang ketika Xiongnu menyadari bahwa Dinasti Han akan menyergap mereka di Mayi. Han memutuskan untuk melancarkan beberapa ekspedisi militer ke wilayah-wilayah yang terletak di Dataran Ordos, Koridor Hexi, dan Gurun Gobi, dan mereka berhasil menaklukan wilayah tersebut serta mengusir Xiongnu.

Karena keadaan semakin memburuk bagi orang-orang Xiongnu, perang saudara meletus dan melemahkan konfederasi. Orang-orang Xiongnu selatan menyerah terlebih dahulu kepada Han, sementara orang-orang Xiongnu utara terus melawan. Pada akhirnya, perang ini dimenangkan sepenuhnya oleh Dinasti Han pada tahun 89 M.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Wu 2013, 71.
  2. ^ Nara Shiruku Rōdo-haku Kinen Kokusai Kōryū Zaidan; Shiruku Rōdo-gaku Kenkyū Sentā (2007). Opening up the Silk Road: the Han and the Eurasian world. Nara International Foundation Commemorating the Silk Road Exposition. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-4-916071-61-3. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2013. 

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