Penyangkalan perubahan iklim, atau penyangkalan pemanasan global, adalah bagian dari kontroversi pemanasan global. Ini melibatkan penyangkalan, atau keraguan yang tidak beralasan yang bertentangan dengan konsensus ilmiah tentang perubahan iklim, termasuk sejauh mana itu disebabkan oleh manusia, dampaknya pada alam dan masyarakat, atau potensi adaptasi perubahan iklim dengan tindakan manusia.[2][3][4] Beberapa orang yang menyangkal mendukung istilah tersebut, sementara yang lain lebih menyukai istilah skeptisisme perubahan iklim.[3] Beberapa ilmuwan telah mencatat bahwa "skeptisisme" adalah deskripsi yang tidak akurat untuk mereka yang mennyangkal pemanasan global antropogenik.[5][6][7]
Penyangkalan terhadap perubahan iklim juga bisa bersifat implisit, ketika individu atau kelompok sosial menerima sains mengenai perubahan iklim tetapi gagal untuk menerimanya atau menerjemahkan penerimaan mereka ke dalam tindakan.[8] Beberapa studi ilmu sosial telah menganalisis posisi ini sebagai bentuk denialisme.[9][10] dan pseudosains.[11]
Kampanye untuk melemahkan kepercayaan publik terhadap ilmu tentang perubahan iklim telah disebut sebagai "mesin penyangkalan" yang diatur oleh kepentingan industri, politik dan ideologis, dan didukung oleh media konservatif dan blogger skeptis untuk membuat-buat ketidakpastian tentang pemanasan global.[12][13][14]
Kampanye terorganisir untuk melemahkan kepercayaan publik dalam ilmu iklim dikaitkan dengan kebijakan ekonomi konservatif dan didukung oleh kepentingan industri yang bertentangan dengan regulasi emisi karbon dioksida.[20] Penyangkalan perubahan iklim telah dikaitkan dengan lobi bahan bakar fosil, Koch bersaudara, advokat industri dan wadah pemikir konservatif, sering kali di Amerika Serikat.[16][21][22][23] Lebih dari 90% makalah yang skeptis terhadap perubahan iklim berasal dari wadah pemikir sayap kanan.[24]
Sejak akhir 1970-an, perusahaan minyak bumi telah menerbitkan riset yang secara luas sejalan dengan pandangan standar tentang pemanasan global. Meskipun demikian, perusahaan minyak melakukan kampanye penyangkalan perubahan iklim untuk menyebarluaskan disinformasi publik selama beberapa dekade, sebuah strategi yang telah dibandingkan dengan penyangkalan terorganisir terhadap bahaya merokok tembakau oleh industri tembakau.[25][26][27]
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^Dunlap 2013, hlm. 691–698: "There is debate over which term is most appropriate… Those involved in challenging climate science label themselves "skeptics"… Yet skepticism is…a common characteristic of scientists, making it inappropriate to allow those who deny AGW to don the mantle of skeptics…It seems best to think of skepticism-denial as a continuum, with some individuals (and interest groups) holding a skeptical view of AGW…and others in complete denial"
^Dunlap 2013, hlm. 691–698: "From the outset, there has been an organized "disinformation" campaign… to "manufacture uncertainty" over AGW … especially by attacking climate science and scientists … waged by a loose coalition of industrial (especially fossil fuels) interests and conservative foundations and think tanks … often assisted by a small number of 'contrarian scientists. … greatly aided by conservative media and politicians … and more recently by a bevy of skeptical bloggers. This 'denial machine' has played a crucial role in generating skepticism toward AGW among laypeople and policy makers "
^Begley 2007: "ICE and the Global Climate Coalition lobbied hard against a global treaty to curb greenhouse gases, and were joined by a central cog in the denial machine: the George C. Marshall Institute, a conservative think tank. .... the denial machine—think tanks linking up with like-minded, contrarian researchers"
^Dunlap 2013: "Even though climate science has now firmly established that global warming is occurring, that human activities contribute to this warming… a significant portion of the American public remains ambivalent or unconcerned, and many policymakers (especially in the United States) deny the necessity of taking steps to reduce carbon emissions…From the outset, there has been an organized "disinformation" campaign… to generate skepticism and denial concerning AGW."
^ abKesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama freeman351
^Painter & Ashe 2012: "Despite a high degree of consensus amongst publishing climate researchers that global warming is occurring, and that it is anthropogenic, this discourse, promoted largely by non-scientists, has had a significant impact on public perceptions of the issue, fostering the impression that elite opinion is divided as to the nature and extent of the threat."
^Hoofnagle, Mark (30 April 2007). "Hello Science blogs (Welcome to Denialism blog)"."Denialism is the employment of rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of argument or legitimate debate, when in actuality there is none. These false arguments are used when one has few or no facts to support one's viewpoint against a scientific consensus or against overwhelming evidence to the contrary. They are effective in distracting from actual useful debate using emotionally appealing, but ultimately empty and illogical assertions. Examples of common topics in which denialists employ their tactics include: Creationism/Intelligent Design, Global Warming denialism …" and "5 general tactics are used by denialists to sow confusion. They are conspiracy, selectivity (cherry-picking), fake experts, impossible expectations (also known as moving goalposts), and general fallacies of logic."
^Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Deithelm McKie
^Dunlap 2013: "The campaign has been waged by a loose coalition of industrial (especially fossil fuels) interests and conservative foundations and think tanks… These actors are greatly aided by conservative media and politicians, and more recently by a bevy of skeptical bloggers."
^David Michaels (2008) Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health.
^Hoggan, James; Littlemore, Richard (2009). Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming. Vancouver: Greystone Books. ISBN978-1-55365-485-8. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2010. See, e.g., p31 ff, describing industry-based advocacy strategies in the context of climate change denial, and p73 ff, describing involvement of free-market think tanks in climate-change denial.
National Center for Science Education (4 June 2010). "Climate change is good science". National Center for Science Education. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2015.
Weart, Spencer R. (February 2015). "The Public and Climate, cont". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-05-04. Diakses tanggal 2 June 2015.
Weart, Spencer R. (June 2015). "Government: The View from Washington, DC". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-29. Diakses tanggal 18 July 2015.