El Aaiún

El Aaiún
العيون / Leɛyun
Laayoune
Plaza de la Marcha Verde
Plaza de la Marcha Verde
Wilayah Non-Pemerintahan-SendiriSahara Barat
RegionLaâyoune-Sakia El Hamra
ProvinsiProvinsi Laâyoune
Dihuni1934
Didirikan1938
Populasi
 (2010)
 • Total196.331
Zona waktuUTC
Jalan di El-Aaiun

El-Aaiún atau Laâyoune (bahasa Arab: العيون, bahasa Arab Hassaniyah: لعيون, ditransliterasikan menjadi al-‘ayūn), adalah ibu kota tidak resmi dari Sahara Barat, sebuah bekas koloni Spanyol yang kini sebagian besar dikontrol dan diduduki oleh Maroko. Kota ini adalah ibu kota dari wilayah Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra. El-Aaiún terletak di 27°9′13″LU,13°12′12″BB. [1] Diarsipkan 2012-08-23 di Wayback Machine.

Penduduk kota ini berjumlah 183.691orang (sensus 2004) dan merupakan kota terbesar di Sahara Barat. Kebanyakan penduduknya adalah pemukim-pemukim Maroko yang pindah (atau dipindahkan) ke wilayah itu setelah Maroko menginvasi Sahara Barat pada tahun 1975, tetapi sebuah minoritas yang cukup besar adalah penduduk asli, orang Sahrawi.

"El Aaiún" adalah transliterasi dari nama dalam bahasa Arab yang digunakan sebagai nama Spanyol untuk kota ini, dan merupakan nama satu-satunya yang digunakan hingga invasi Maroko atas Sahara Barat. "Laâyoune" adaslah transliterasi bahasa Prancis yang digunakan dalam literatur Maroko. Nama yang pertama lebih disukai oleh orang-orang Sahrawi. Nama dalam bahasa Arab ini berarti "mata air" atau "mata".

Sebuah misi PBB di kota itu, MINURSO, mengadministrasi upaya gencatan senjata pada tahun 1991 antara Maroko dan Front Polisario yang telah melawan pendudukan Maroko sejak awal dan mengklaim Sahara Barat sebagai sebuah negara merdeka.

Pada musim semi 2005, demonstrasi oleh suku bangsa Sahrawi yang menuntut kemerdekaan dan pembebasan para tahanan politik mengguncangkan kota itu, dan kecenderungan untuk membuka wilayah yang tertutup itu tampaknya telah dipatahkan, dengan diusirnya sejumlah wartawan asing dan delegasi hak-hak asasi manusia.

Di daerah selatan dari Tindouf, Aljazair, ada sebuah kamp pengungsi Sahrawi yang dinamai El-Aaiun, sesuai dengan nama kota ini.

Geografi

Iklim

Laâyoune (El-Aaiún) memiliki iklim gurun, dimoderasi oleh Arus Teluk dengan suhu rata-rata tahunan 20 °C (68 °F).

Data iklim Laâyoune" atau "El Ayun"
Bulan Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Tahun
Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) 20
(68)
20
(68)
22
(72)
22
(72)
22
(72)
24
(75)
26
(79)
28
(82)
27
(81)
25
(77)
24
(75)
20
(68)
23
(73)
Rata-rata harian °C (°F) 16
(61)
17
(63)
19
(66)
18
(64)
20
(68)
21
(70)
23
(73)
25
(77)
24
(75)
22
(72)
20
(68)
17
(63)
20
(68)
Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) 12
(54)
13
(55)
16
(61)
15
(59)
16
(61)
18
(64)
20
(68)
21
(70)
20
(68)
18
(64)
16
(61)
13
(55)
17
(63)
Presipitasi mm (inci) 17.97
(0.7075)
18.51
(0.7287)
6.74
(0.2654)
2.54
(0.1)
3.21
(0.1264)
0.31
(0.0122)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
1.21
(0.0476)
7.47
(0.2941)
16.90
(0.6654)
18.60
(0.7323)
93.46
(3.6795)
Rata-rata hari hujan atau bersalju 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 3 18
Sumber: Weatherbase[1]
Data iklim El Aaiún (Laayoune)
Bulan Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Tahun
Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) 22
(72)
23
(73)
24
(75)
25
(77)
26
(79)
28
(82)
31
(88)
31
(88)
30
(86)
28
(82)
25
(77)
22
(72)
26.3
(79.3)
Rata-rata harian °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5)
18.5
(65.3)
19.5
(67.1)
20.0
(68)
21.5
(70.7)
23.5
(74.3)
26.0
(78.8)
26.5
(79.7)
25.5
(77.9)
23.5
(74.3)
21.0
(69.8)
18.0
(64.4)
21.75
(71.15)
Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) 13
(55)
14
(57)
15
(59)
15
(59)
17
(63)
19
(66)
21
(70)
22
(72)
21
(70)
19
(66)
17
(63)
14
(57)
17.3
(63.1)
Presipitasi mm (inci) 8
(0.31)
9
(0.35)
4
(0.16)
2
(0.08)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
4
(0.16)
4
(0.16)
6
(0.24)
10
(0.39)
47
(1.85)
Rata-rata hari hujan atau bersalju 6 6 5 3 2 0 0 0 1 4 5 6 38
Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan 217 232 248 270 279 270 279 279 240 248 210 217 2.989
Sumber: weather2travel.com[2]

Kota kembar dan kota saudari

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for El Aaiún". 
  2. ^ Laayoune Climate Guide – weather2travel.com
  3. ^ "Renewing the twining agreement between Central Algiers and Wilaya of El Aaiun". Sahara Press Service. 2011-10-30. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-01. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-02. 
  4. ^ Ayuntamiento de Almería (ed.). "Ciudades Hermanadas". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-28. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-12. 
  5. ^ "Balance del viaje realizado por representantes municipales al Sahara". Aviles.es. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-29. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-04. 
  6. ^ Ayuntamiento de Málaga (ed.). "Official website for Malaga's candidature for European capital of culture in 2016". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-22. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-02. 
  7. ^ "Hermanamiento de Montevideo y El Aaiún". Montevideo.gub.uy. 2009-12-13. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-02. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-04. 
  8. ^ "El Ayuntamiento de Lorca denuncia la agresión de Marruecos contra el Pueblo Saharaui" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Murcia.es. 2010-11-12. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-11. 

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