Diaspora Tamil


Tamil diaspora
புலம்பெயர் தமிழர்
Jumlah populasi
8 million
 Malaysia~1,897,000 (2018.est)[1]
 South Africa~600,000 (2013)[2]
 United Arab Emirates~400,000[3][4]
 Saudi Arabia~350,000[4][3]
 France[a]~302,000[5]
 United States~238,699[6]
 Canada237,599 (2021)[7][b]
 Singapore198,449 (2020)[c][8]
 United Kingdom~120,000 (2007)[9]
 Indonesia~75,000 (2008)[10]
 Mauritius~72,089 (2011)[11]
 Germany~60,000 (2008)[12]
 Australia~50,000 (2011)[13]
 Switzerland~35,000 (2008)[14]
 Italy~25,000 (2005)[15]
 Norway~10,000 (2000)[16]
 Denmark~9,000 (2003)[17]
Bahasa
Agama
தமிழ் (Tamil)
Pribadiதமிழர் Tamiḻar
Kelompok etnikதமிழர்கள் Tamiḻarkaḷ
Bahasaதமிழ் Tamiḻ
Tanah airதமிழ்நாடு Tamiḻ Nāṭu
(hist.) தமிழகம் Tamiḻakam
(hist.) ஈழம் Īḻam

Orang Tamil perantauan (bahasa Inggris: Overseas Tamils; disebut juga Diaspora Tamil ) adalah orang-orang dengan keturunan Tamil yang menetap di luar atau yang beremigrasi dari tanah asal mereka di anak benua India bagian selatan ( Tamil Nadu, Puducherry dan Sri Lanka). Mereka banyak ditemukan di Malaysia, negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia, Afrika Selatan, Amerika Utara, Eropa Barat, dan Singapura.[18]

Imigran Tamil dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam 4 kategori berbeda

Migrasi awal

Orang Tamil memiliki tradisi pelayaran yang panjang sejak zaman kuno dan abad pertengahan dan sejarah migrasi luar negeri ke negeri asing karena kedekatannya dengan Samudera Hindia.Banyak emigranTamil yang meninggalkan wilayah pesisir pantai Tamil Nadu sebelum abad ke-18 bercampur dengan etnis lain di wilayah lain.

Pada periode abad pertengahan, orang Tamil beremigrasi sebagai tentara, pedagang dan buruh menetap di Kerala (khususnya Palakkad),Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia,Indonesia dan bercampur dengan baik dengan penduduk lokal, sementara ada yang masih mempertahankan bahasa dan budaya mereka.Banyak kelompok yang masih mengklaim sebagai keturunan emigran Tamil era abad pertengahan seperti Thigalas dan Hebbars Karnataka yang telah tinggal di Karnataka selama beberapa generasi dan bahkan mengadopsi bahasa Kannada sebagai bahasa ibunda mereka. Palakkad Iyer di Kerala, Kaikadis di Maharashtra, Chetty di Malaysia dan beberapa kelompok Tamil Sri Lanka seperti Mukkuvar Sri Lanka, Chetties Sri Lanka, orang Bharatha, Sinhala , Durava, Demala Gattara dan Kasta Salagama di Sri Lanka adalah salah satu kelompok tamil yang telah bercampur dengan penduduk lokal.[19][butuh rujukan]

Kelompok emigran awal yang tidak terdokumentasi dengan baik adalah Muslim Tamil yang beremigrasi dalam jumlah besar ke Kesultanan Melaka (sekarang Malaysia) dan berperan penting dalam menyebarkan Islam di kalangan penduduk asli Melayu.

References

  1. ^ "Tamil Ethnologue". Ethnologue. 2010-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-26. Tamil Ethnologue. 
  2. ^ "Navaneetham Pillay The most famous South African Tamil of our times". DailyMirror. 2013-08-31. 
  3. ^ a b Rajan S.I., Rajan E.S. (2019) Tamil Nadu Migrants in the Gulf. In: Rajan S., Saxena P. (eds) India's Low-Skilled Migration to the Middle East. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9224-5_11
  4. ^ a b Singapore most preferred destination of Tamil diaspora: Study, Indo-Asian News Service
  5. ^ Murugaiyan, Appasamy (2013). "Le tamoul". Dalam Kremnitz, Georg. Histoire sociale des langues de France (dalam bahasa Prancis). Presses Universitaires de Rennes. hlm. 881–889. ISBN 978-2-7535-2723-2. 
  6. ^ Commuting Times, Median Rents and Language other than English Use in the Home on the Rise
  7. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Diakses tanggal 2022-09-12. 
  8. ^ Census of Population 2020 Statistical Release 1: Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion (PDF). Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore. June 2011. hlm. 51. ISBN 978-981-18-1381-8. 
  9. ^ "Britain urged to protect Tamil Diaspora". BBC. 2006-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-26. According to HRW, there are about 120,000 Sri Lankan Tamils in the UK. 
  10. ^ "Census TableBuilder - Log in". Auth.censusdata.abs.gov.au. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2018. 
  11. ^ "Volume: II Demographic and Fertility Characteristics" (PDF). The 2011 Housing and Population Census. Statistics Mauritius. hlm. 68. 
  12. ^ Baumann, Martin (2008). "Immigrant Hinduism in Germany: Tamils from Sri Lanka and Their Temples". Harvard University. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-26. Since the escalation of the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka during the 1980s, about 60,000 came as asylum seekers. 
  13. ^ "2011 Census of Population and Housing". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 May 2011. 
  14. ^ "Swiss Tamils look to preserve their culture". Swissinfo. 2006-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-25. An estimated 35,000 Tamils now live in Switzerland. 
  15. ^ "Tamil Diaspora - Italy - இத்தாலி". Tamilnation.co. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2018. 
  16. ^ Raman, B. (2000-07-20). "Sri Lanka: The dilemma". The Hindu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-24. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-26. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 Sri Lankan Tamils in Norway -- 6,000 of them Norwegian citizens, many of whom migrated to Norway in the 1960s and the 1970s to work on its fishing fleet; and 4,000 post-1983 political refugees. 
  17. ^ Mortensen, V. Theology and the Religions: A Dialogue, p. 110
  18. ^ "March 1984". UNESCO (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2017-04-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-06. 
  19. ^ Somasundaram, Daya (September 2013). Scarred Communities: Psychosocial Impact of Man-made and Natural Disasters on Sri Lankan Society. ISBN 9788132118299. 
  1. ^ Includes Overseas France, especially Réunion.
  2. ^ Statistic includes all speakers of the Tamil language, as many multi-generation individuals do not speak the language as a mother tongue, but instead as a second or third language.
  3. ^ This number does not include the 1.64 million "non-resident population": foreigners working, studying or living in Singapore without permanent residence. It only includes the 5.69 million citizens and permanent residents living in Singapore.

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