非洲地理考察

非洲地理考察是指歐洲人非洲大陆的考察活动。歐洲人在古典时代就已經熟悉了北非地理。

欧洲人对撒哈拉以南非洲的探索始于15世纪的地理大发现,當時航海家恩里克積極探索非洲。1415年,休达被占领,標誌著近世西方國家開始入侵非洲,同時非洲奴隸貿易開啟。1488年3月12日,巴爾托洛梅烏·迪亞士首次抵達好望角,開闢了歐洲通往印度和遠東的海上航线,但在16和17世纪,欧洲人对非洲的探索仍然非常有限。當時欧洲人只是在非洲沿海建立贸易站,同时积极探索和开拓新大陆。至18世纪,當時只有個別探險家探索了马达加斯加岛南非内地,當時歐洲幾乎都沒有關於热带非洲的地理出版物[1]

截至19世纪初,欧洲人对撒哈拉以南非洲的内陆地區的了解还很有限。1830年代和1840年代,歐洲人開始探索南部非洲。截至19世纪中叶和瓜分非洲時期,整個非洲只有刚果盆地大湖地区對歐洲人來說還比較陌生。19世纪后期的世界地图上,沒畫上的地方只剩下北极南极亞馬遜盆地以及刚果盆地大湖地区。19世紀下半葉,约翰·汉宁·斯皮克理查德·弗朗西斯·伯顿大卫·利文斯通亨利·莫顿·斯坦利等探險家紛紛涉足非洲剩下的未知之地。截至1870年代,歐洲人大致上對整個非洲大陸都有所了解,非洲未知之地的探索基本上告一段落。

参考文献

  1. ^ 非洲地理考察. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20 [2023-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-11). 

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