蝦夷

日語寫法
日語原文蝦夷/愛瀰詩/毛人
假名えみし/えびす/えぞ
平文式罗马字Emishi/Ebisu/Ezo

蝦夷是古代日本古朝廷对它的东北方族群的称呼。根据其地理分布分为南蝦夷、西蝦夷、渡岛蝦夷、渡觉蝦夷等。過去主要分布今本州的東北地方與北海道。

日本古文獻中的蝦夷人

日本北海道古稱蝦夷えみし Emishi 或えぞ Ezo),日本史書上也有不少關於蝦夷人的記載。在日本武尊傳說成立的時代(6世紀),依照《日本書紀》的記載,日本武尊經由海路進入陸奧國(今本州東北地方)攻打東夷日高見國」。征討後,「蝦夷既平,自日高見國還之,西南歷常陸(今茨城縣東北方)」[1][2]。由此可見蝦夷人的勢力範圍,從茨城縣東北地區包括了整個本州東北地方。

日本書紀》中對蝦夷的記載是這樣子的:「朕聞:其東夷也,識性強暴,凌犯為宗。村之無長,邑之勿首。各貪封界,並相盜略。亦山有邪神,郊有姦鬼。……其東夷之中,蝦夷是尤強焉。男女相居,父子無別。冬則宿穴,夏則住樔。衣毛飲血,昆弟相疑。……故往古以來,未染王化。……即巧言而調暴神,振武以攘姦鬼。」「東夷之中,有日高見國。其國人,男女並椎結文身,為人勇悍。是總曰蝦夷。亦土地沃壤而曠之,擊可取之。」[1]

江戶時代德川光圀曾編《大日本史》,其《諸藩列傳》內收有《蝦夷傳》上、下二卷。[3][4]

他们是《山海經》与倭王武上表中的毛人,本来生活在日本关东,后被倭朝廷不断驱逐至本州北方与北海道。


現存「阿伊努人」和歷史上「蝦夷人」之間的關係

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 轉引自沈淑敏 nd、日本書紀页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 轉引自沈淑敏 nd、尾張國熱田太神宮緣記页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ 大日本史 卷之二百卌 列傳第一百六十七 諸蕃九 蝦夷上. web.archive.org. 2008-05-18 [2023-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-18). 
  4. ^ 大日本史 卷之二百卌一 列傳第一百六十八 諸蕃十. web.archive.org. 2008-03-16 [2023-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-16). 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:欽定古今圖書集成·方輿彙編·邊裔典·蝦夷部》,出自陈梦雷古今圖書集成

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