犀鳥目 (學名 :Bucerotiformes )是鳥綱下的一個目,包括犀鳥 、地犀鳥 、戴勝 及林戴勝 等物種。[ 1]
系統發生學
在過去,本目下的兩種主要鳥類——戴勝及犀鳥皆為佛法僧目 下的科。[ 2] 但自2000年代左右起,不少研究開始發現其關係與翠鳥 等佛法僧鳥類關係較遠,並因此建議將其自佛法僧目中獨立。[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] 但該兩種鳥類分出後,一度被視為兩個目,即戴勝目(Upupiformes )及犀鳥目,到了2008年的研究才將這兩個目合併為現在的犀鳥目。[ 1] [ 6] [ 7]
有研究提議犀鳥科 中的噪犀鳥屬 與地犀鳥科 關係較近並認為應該前者歸於後者之下;這演化支代表早期的非洲世系,而其他則代表亞洲世系。[ 8]
佛法僧總目
鼠鳥目 Coliiformes
穴鳥類
鵑鴗目 Leptosomatiformes
真穴鳥類
咬鹃目 Trogoniformes
鴷翠鳥類
Picocoraciae
Eucavitaves
Cavitaves
Coraciimorphae
本目現在下屬兩個亞目,分別是以戴勝為主的戴勝亞目 (Upupi )及以犀鳥為主的犀鳥亞目 (Buceroti )。[ 9] [ 10] 以下是根據2013年及2019年資料繪製的支序圖 :[ 11]
形態學
犀鳥與戴勝耳柱骨 形狀相差甚遠,其中前者有直棒狀的軸,而後者形狀則類似於鐵鎚。[ 10] [ 12]
下屬分類
绿林戴胜 Phoeniculus purpureus
戴勝 ,分佈極廣泛的一種本目物種
雙角犀鳥 ,其巨大如犀牛般的啄部是犀鳥科鳥類的特徵
馬來犀鳥
目前犀鳥目下劃分為兩個亞目,而根據世界鳥類學家聯合會 之名錄,其下現有4科19屬。[ 1] [ 9] 並還有兩科的化石物種被歸於其下。[ 13] [ 14]
戴勝亞目 Upupi
戴勝科 Upupidae
林戴勝科 Phoeniculidae
犀鳥亞目 Buceroti
地犀鳥科 Bucorvidae
犀鳥科 Bucerotidae
† Laurillardiidae
† 买撒里丝鸟科 Messelirrisoridae
參考資料
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外部連結