鶴形總目

鹤形总目
化石时期：古新世[1] [2] - 全新世 60–0 Ma
根據時鐘顯示，這類鳥的起源可能更早。[3]
笛鴴 (Charadrius melodus)
西方秧雞 (Rallus aquaticus)
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 鸟纲 Aves
演化支： 今颚类 Neognathae
演化支： 新鸟类 Neoaves
演化支： 雀类 Passerea
演化支： 鹤类 Gruae
总目： 鹤形总目 Gruimorphae
Bonaparte, 1854
目
異名
  • 鴴形總目 Charadriimorphae
  • 鶴鴴類 Gruicharadriae

鶴形總目（學名：Gruimorphae）[4]是一個鳥類演化支，透過分子分析，包括兩個目：鴴形目（鴴、鷸、鷗等等）和鶴形目（鶴和秧雞）。[5][3] 傳統上就有這個分類群，因為鴴形目下的一些科，例如：領鶉科（學名：Pedionomidae）和三趾鶉科（學名：Turnicidae）就曾被分類在鶴形目之下。[6][7][8]又因為在北美的始新世早期地質中，發現 Nahmavis這個屬，鶴形總目也有化石的依據。[9]

形成本分類群是因為解剖學和行為學上的特徵，在形態學的研究則進一步建議鶴形目可以是涉禽的並系群，而秧雞科則和三趾鶉科親緣關係十分相近。[10][11]

依照 Kuhl, H. et al.(2020) 等人研究的分支圖如下[12]：

鶴形總目 Gruimorphae
 

鶴形目 Gruiformes

 
 

鴴形目 Charadriimorphae

 
 


参考文献

  1. ^ Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105
  2. ^ Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-119-02076-9.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life.. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2020, 38: 108–127. PMC 7783168 可免费查阅. PMID 32781465. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191 可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes. www.jboyd.net. [10 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-10）. 
  5. ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014, 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. PMC 4405904 可免费查阅. PMID 25504713. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. 
  6. ^ Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.
  7. ^ Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the ‘waders’ (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. Ibis. 1931b; 73: 712–771
  8. ^ Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. Ibis. 1931a; 73: 491–534
  9. ^ Musser, G. & Clarke, J.A. An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020, 8. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.559929 可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2007, 149 (1): 1–95. PMC 2517308 可免费查阅. PMID 18784798. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x. 
  11. ^ Neognathia. www.helsinki.fi. [10 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-24）. 
  12. ^ H Kuhl, C Frankl-Vilches, A Bakker, G Mayr, G Nikolaus, S T Boerno, S Klages, B Timmermann, M Gahr (2020) An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）